Proteinuria and Bilirubinuria as Potential Risk Indicators of Acute Kidney Injury during Running in Outpatient Settings.
Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Guillermo Olcina, Braulio Sánchez-Ureña, José Pino-Ortega, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Rafael Timón
Author Information
Daniel Rojas-Valverde: Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica. ORCID
Guillermo Olcina: Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain. ORCID
Braulio Sánchez-Ureña: Programa Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud (PROCESA), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica. ORCID
José Pino-Ortega: Departmento de Actividad Física y Deporte, Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, 30720 Murcia, Spain. ORCID
Ismael Martínez-Guardado: Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain.
Rafael Timón: Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain. ORCID
: The purpose of this study was to explore which urinary markers could indicate acute kidney injury (AKI) during prolonged trail running in outpatient settings. : Twenty-nine experienced trail runners (age 39.1 ± 8.8 years, weight 71.9 ± 11 kg, height 171.9 ± 8.3 cm) completed a 35 km event (cumulative positive ascend of 1815 m, altitude = 906 to 1178 m.a.s.l.) under a temperature of 25.52 ± 1.98 °C and humidity of 79.25 ± 7.45%). Two participant groups (AKI = 17 and No-AKI = 12) were made according to AKI diagnosis criteria based on pre- and post-race values of serum creatinine (sCr) (an increase of 1.5 times from baseline). Blood and urinalysis were performed immediately pre- and post-race. : Pre- vs. post-race differences in sCr and sBUN were found in both AKI and No-AKI groups ( < 0.01). Differences in post-race values were found between groups ( = 0.03). A total of 52% of AKI runners presented significant increases in proteinuria ( = 0.94, = 0.01) and 47% in bilirubinuria ( = 0.94, = 0.04). Conversely, No-AKI participants presented no significant increases in urine markers. : These study's findings may suggest the potential use of urinalysis as an accessible alternative in the outpatient setting to early identify transitional AKI until a clinical confirmation is performed.
