Atlantic Forest Malaria: A Review of More than 20 Years of Epidemiological Investigation.
Julyana Cerqueira Buery, Filomena Euridice Carvalho de Alencar, Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro Duarte, Ana Carolina Loss, Creuza Rachel Vicente, Lucas Mendes Ferreira, Blima Fux, Márcia Melo Medeiros, Pedro Cravo, Ana Paula Arez, Crispim Cerutti Junior
Author Information
Julyana Cerqueira Buery: Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil.
Filomena Euridice Carvalho de Alencar: Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil. ORCID
Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro Duarte: Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil.
Ana Carolina Loss: Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Santa Teresa 29650-000, Brazil.
Creuza Rachel Vicente: Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil. ORCID
Lucas Mendes Ferreira: Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil. ORCID
Blima Fux: Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil.
Márcia Melo Medeiros: Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
Pedro Cravo: Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
Ana Paula Arez: Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal. ORCID
Crispim Cerutti Junior: Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil.
In the south and southeast regions of Brazil, cases of malaria occur outside the endemic Amazon region near the Atlantic Forest in some coastal states, where is the recognized parasite. Characteristics of cases and vectors, especially , raise the hypothesis of a zoonosis with simians as reservoirs. The present review aims to report on investigations of the disease over a 23-year period. Two main sources have provided epidemiological data: the behavior of vectors and the genetic and immunological aspects of spp. obtained from humans, simians, and spp. mosquitoes. is the most captured species in the forest canopy and is the recognized vector. The similarity between and and that between and shared between simian and human hosts and the involvement of the same vector in the transmission to both hosts suggest interspecies transfer of the parasites. Finally, recent evidence points to the presence of in a silent cycle, detected only by molecular methods in asymptomatic individuals and . In the context of malaria elimination, it is paramount to assemble data about transmission in such non-endemic low-incidence areas.
