Hiraku Tsujimoto: Hospital Care Research Unit, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan. hira_to_ber3598@yahoo.co.jp. ORCID
Yuki Kataoka: Hospital Care Research Unit, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan. youkiti@gmail.com.
Yukihito Sato: Hospital Care Research Unit, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.
Masahiro Banno: Systematic Review Workshop Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG), Osaka, Japan.
Emi Tsujino-Tsujimoto: Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanai Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
Yukiyoshi Sumi: Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
Ryuichi Sada: Department of General Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan.
Takashi Fujiwara: Department of Otolaryngology Neck and Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan.
Yoichi Ohtake: Department of Internal Medicine, Itami Seifu Hospital, Itami, Japan.
Junji Kumasawa: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Japan.
Haruki Imura: Department of Infectious Diseases, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
Yoshinobu Matsuda: Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan.
Ryuhei So: Systematic Review Workshop Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG), Osaka, Japan.
Tomoko Kagawa: Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan.
Takashi Yoshioka: Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan.
Yu Uneno: Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Hiroyuki Nagano: Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Mai Akazawa: Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
Takunori Hozumi: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan.
Yasushi Tsujimoto: Systematic Review Workshop Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG), Osaka, Japan.
BACKGROUND: Research engagement contributes to the improvement of patient care. A systematic review is a suitable first scholarly activity because it entails summarization of publicly available data and usually requires neither rigorous ethical review nor research funding. METHODS: This study aimed to develop a model workshop for healthcare staff to acquire skills in creating systematic review protocols based on their own clinical questions at teaching hospitals. We used an action research method to create a model workshop at four hospitals in Japan from April 2015 to March 2017. To improve the program, we solicited reflections using participant questionnaires for each lecture and examined the quality of homework submitted by participants after each lecture. We administered a revised final version of the workshop at five hospitals from April 2016 to March 2017. We evaluated the participants' scholarly productivity related to these workshops. The observation period was a minimum of 2 years following the workshops. RESULTS: Most participants had never developed a formal clinical research protocol and voluntarily participated in the workshop. The action research was developed and implemented at nine teaching hospitals in Japan, including one university hospital. The study developed a model nine-step workshop curriculum: 1) Research question development, 2) Search strategy development, 3) Search strategy brush-up, 4) Exclusion and inclusion criteria development, 5) Risk of bias assessment planning, 6) Meta-analysis planning, 7) Subgroup and sensitivity analysis planning, 8) Planning the presentation of results, and 9) Presentation protocols. A total of 233 participants, including medical doctors and other health professionals, produced 414 research questions. Seventy-nine participants (34%) completed the workshop, and 47 review teams accomplished systematic review protocols. The participants published 13 peer-reviewed articles as a result of the workshop. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a structured scholarly productive model workshop for healthcare staff working at hospitals. We found healthcare staff with clinical subspecialties were able to develop an unexpectedly high number of research questions through this workshop. Medical teachers at hospitals with prior systematic review experience could teach how to develop systematic review protocols using this model. Further research is needed to increase the academic productivity of such workshops. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/), UMIN000017107 (4/15/2015), UMIN000025580 (1/10/2017).
