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Investigative and clinical urology
03, 2021;62 (2): 121-135.

Retrograde intrarenal surgery: Past, present, and future.

Takaaki Inoue, Shinsuke Okada, Shuzo Hamamoto, Masato Fujisawa
Author Information
  1. Takaaki Inoue: Department of Urology and Stone Center, Hara Genitourinary Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. ORCID
  2. Shinsuke Okada: Department of Urology, Gyotoku General Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
  3. Shuzo Hamamoto: Department of Urology, Medical School, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
  4. Masato Fujisawa: Department of Urology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
PMID: 33660439 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20200526

Abstract

With the recent technological advancements in endourology, retrograde intrarenal surgery has become a more popular procedure for treatment of urolithiasis. Furthermore, since the introduction of new laser systems and advanced flexible ureteroscopy with miniaturized ureteroscopes, the treatment indications for retrograde intrarenal surgery have expanded to include not only larger renal stones of >2 cm but also upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, ureteral stricture, and idiopathic renal hematuria. Clinicians must keep up with these trends and make good use of these technologies in the rapidly changing field of endourology. Simultaneously, we must consider the risk of various complications including thermal injury due to laser use, ureteral injury caused by the ureteral access sheath, and radiation exposure during retrograde intrarenal surgery with fluoroscopic guidance. This review focuses on the past, present, and future of retrograde intrarenal surgery and provides many topics and clinical options for urologists to consider.

Keywords

Flexible ureteroscopy Kidney stone Laser Retrograde intrarenal surgery

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MeSH Term

Forecasting
Humans
Kidney
Kidney Diseases
Urologic Surgical Procedures
Journal Article Review
Article has an altmetric score of 4

Word Cloud

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