Shu-Hua Chen: Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USA. ORCID
Chu-Chun Huang: Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USA.
Yi-Chun Kuo: Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan.
Yu-Heng Tseng: Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. ORCID
Yu Gu: Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California Los Angeles CA USA. ORCID
Kenneth Earl: Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USA.
Chih-Ying Chen: Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USA.
Yonghan Choi: Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources University of California Davis CA USA. ORCID
Kuo-Nan Liou: Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California Los Angeles CA USA.
This study examines the modifications of air-sea coupling processes by dust-radiation-cloud interactions over the North Atlantic Ocean using a high-resolution coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean-dust (AWOD) regional model. The dust-induced mechanisms that are responsible for changes of sea surface temperature (SST) and latent and sensible heat fluxes (LHF/SHF) are also examined. Two 3-month numerical experiments are conducted, and they differ only in the activation and deactivation of dust-radiation-cloud interactions. Model results show that the dust significantly reduces surface downward radiation fluxes (SDRF) over the ocean with the maximum change of 20-30 W m. Over the dust plume region, the dust effect creates a low-pressure anomaly and a cyclonic circulation anomaly, which drives a positive wind stress curl anomaly, thereby reducing sea surface height and mixed layer depth. However, the SST change by dust, ranging from -0.5 to 0.5 K, has a great spatial variation which differs from the dust plume shape. Dust cools SST around the West African coast, except under the maximum dust plume ridge, and extends westward asymmetrically along the northern and southern edges of the dust plume. Dust unexpectedly warms SST over a large area of the western tropical North Atlantic and north of the dust plume. These SST changes are controlled by different mechanisms. Unlike the SST change pattern, the LHF and SHF changes are mostly reduced underneath the dust plume region, though they are different in detail due to different dominant factors, and increased south of the dust plume over the tropic.
