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Experimental & molecular medicine
05, 2021;53 (5): 723-736.

Innate immune sensing of coronavirus and viral evasion strategies.

Yusuke Kasuga, Baohui Zhu, Kyoung-Jin Jang, Ji-Seung Yoo
Author Information
  1. Yusuke Kasuga: Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan. ORCID
  2. Baohui Zhu: Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan. ORCID
  3. Kyoung-Jin Jang: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea. jangkj@konkuk.ac.kr.
  4. Ji-Seung Yoo: Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan. jiseungy@pop.med.hokudai.ac.jp. ORCID
PMID: 33953325 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00602-1

Abstract

The innate immune system is the first line of the host defense program against pathogens and harmful substances. Antiviral innate immune responses can be triggered by multiple cellular receptors sensing viral components. The activated innate immune system produces interferons (IFNs) and cytokines that perform antiviral functions to eliminate invading viruses. Coronaviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that have a broad range of animal hosts. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple means to evade host antiviral immune responses. Successful immune evasion by coronaviruses may enable the viruses to adapt to multiple species of host organisms. Coronavirus transmission from zoonotic hosts to humans has caused serious illnesses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), resulting in global health and economic crises. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying host sensing of and innate immune responses against coronavirus invasion, as well as host immune evasion strategies of coronaviruses.

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Grants

  1. 19K23837/MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
  2. 2020R1I1A2073517/National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)

MeSH Term

Animals
COVID-19
Coronaviridae
Coronavirus Infections
Humans
Immune Evasion
Immunity, Innate
Interferons
SARS-CoV-2

Chemicals

Interferons
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review
Article has an altmetric score of 30

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