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05 01, 2021;13 (5):

Charged Residues Flanking the Transmembrane Domain of Two Related Toxin-Antitoxin System Toxins Affect Host Response.

Andrew Holmes, Jessie Sadlon, Keith Weaver
Author Information
  1. Andrew Holmes: Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
  2. Jessie Sadlon: Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
  3. Keith Weaver: Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
PMID: 34062876 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050329

Abstract

A majority of toxins produced by type I toxin-antitoxin (TA-1) systems are small membrane-localized proteins that were initially proposed to kill cells by forming non-specific pores in the cytoplasmic membrane. The examination of the effects of numerous TA-1 systems indicates that this is not the mechanism of action of many of these proteins. produces two toxins of the Fst/Ldr family, one encoded on pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmids (Fst) and the other on the chromosome, Fst. Previous results demonstrated that overexpression of the toxins produced a differential transcriptomic response in cells. In this report, we identify the specific amino acid differences between the two toxins responsible for the differential response of a gene highly induced by Fst but not Fst. In addition, we demonstrate that a transporter protein that is genetically linked to the chromosomal version of the TA-1 system functions to limit the toxicity of the protein.

Keywords

Enterococcus faecalis Fst/Ldr family toxin 4 small protein toxins 3 type I toxin–antitoxin system 2

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Grants

  1. R21 AI140037/NIAID NIH HHS
  2. AI140037/NIH HHS

MeSH Term

Amino Acid Sequence
Bacterial Toxins
Enterococcus faecalis
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Protein Domains
Toxin-Antitoxin Systems

Chemicals

Bacterial Toxins
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0toxinsFstTA-1proteinproducedtypesystemssmallproteinscellstwoFst/Ldrfamilydifferentialresponsesystemmajoritytoxin-antitoxinmembrane-localizedinitiallyproposedkillformingnon-specificporescytoplasmicmembraneexaminationeffectsnumerousindicatesmechanismactionmanyproducesoneencodedpheromone-responsiveconjugativeplasmidschromosomePreviousresultsdemonstratedoverexpressiontranscriptomicreportidentifyspecificaminoaciddifferencesresponsiblegenehighlyinducedadditiondemonstratetransportergeneticallylinkedchromosomalversionfunctionslimittoxicityChargedResiduesFlankingTransmembraneDomainTwoRelatedToxin-AntitoxinSystemToxinsAffectHostResponseEnterococcusfaecalistoxin43toxin–antitoxin2

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