The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research.
Nathalie Percie du Sert, Viki Hurst, Amrita Ahluwalia, Sabina Alam, Marc T Avey, Monya Baker, William J Browne, Alejandra Clark, Innes C Cuthill, Ulrich Dirnagl, Michael Emerson, Paul Garner, Stephen T Holgate, David W Howells, Natasha A Karp, Stanley E Lazic, Katie Lidster, Catriona J MacCallum, Malcolm Macleod, Esther J Pearl, Ole H Petersen, Frances Rawle, Penny Reynolds, Kieron Rooney, Emily S Sena, Shai D Silberberg, Thomas Steckler, Hanno W��rbel
Author Information
Nathalie Percie du Sert: Experimental Design and Reporting, NC3Rs, London, UK. ORCID
Viki Hurst: Experimental Design and Reporting, NC3Rs, London, UK.
Amrita Ahluwalia: William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK.
Sabina Alam: Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK.
Marc T Avey: ICF, Durham, North Carolina, USA. ORCID
Monya Baker: Opinion, Nature, San Francisco, California, USA.
William J Browne: School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Alejandra Clark: Life Sciences, PLOS ONE, Cambridge, UK.
Innes C Cuthill: School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Ulrich Dirnagl: Quest Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany. ORCID
Michael Emerson: National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Paul Garner: Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Global Health, Clinical Sciences Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Stephen T Holgate: Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
David W Howells: Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. ORCID
Natasha A Karp: Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca PLC, Cambridge, UK.
Stanley E Lazic: Prioris. ai, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Katie Lidster: Animal Welfare, NC3Rs, London, UK.
Catriona J MacCallum: Open Science, Hindawi Limited, London, UK.
Malcolm Macleod: Academic Lead for Research Improvement and Research Integrity, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. ORCID
Reproducible science requires transparent reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research. They consist of a checklist of information to include in publications describing in vivo experiments to enable others to scrutinise the work adequately, evaluate its methodological rigour and reproduce the methods and results. Despite considerable levels of endorsement by funders and journals over the years, adherence to the guidelines has been inconsistent, and the anticipated improvements in the quality of reporting in animal research publications have not been achieved. Here, we introduce ARRIVE 2.0. The guidelines have been updated and information reorganised to facilitate their use in practice. We used a Delphi exercise to prioritise and divide the items of the guidelines into two sets, the 'ARRIVE Essential 10', which constitutes the minimum requirement, and the 'Recommended Set', which describes the research context. This division facilitates improved reporting of animal research by supporting a stepwise approach to implementation. This helps journal editors and reviewers verify that the most important items are being reported in manuscripts. We have also developed the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document, which serves (1) to explain the rationale behind each item in the guidelines, (2) to clarify key concepts and (3) to provide illustrative examples. We aim, through these changes, to help ensure that researchers, reviewers and journal editors are better equipped to improve the rigour and transparency of the scientific process and thus reproducibility.
