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Environmental science and pollution research international
Aug, 2021;28 (32): 43234-43257.

Improving the feasibility of aquaculture feed by using microalgae.

Faiz Ahmad Ansari, Abhishek Guldhe, Sanjay Kumar Gupta, Ismail Rawat, Faizal Bux
Author Information
  1. Faiz Ahmad Ansari: Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
  2. Abhishek Guldhe: Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, India.
  3. Sanjay Kumar Gupta: Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
  4. Ismail Rawat: Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
  5. Faizal Bux: Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa. faizalb@dut.ac.za. ORCID
PMID: 34173144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14989-x

Abstract

The aquaculture industry is an efficient edible protein producer and grows faster than any other food sector. Therefore, it requires enormous amounts of fish feed. Fish feed directly affects the quality of produced fish, potential health benefits, and cost. Fish meal (FM), fis oil (FO), and plant-based supplements, predominantly used in fish feed, face challenges of low availability, low nutritional value, and high cost. The cost associated with aquaculture feed represents 40-75% of aquaculture production cost and one of the key market drivers for the thriving aquaculture industry. Microalgae are a primary producer in aquatic food chains. Microalgae are expanding continuously in renewable energy, pharmaceutical pigment, wastewater treatment, food, and feed industries. Major components of microalgal biomass are proteins with essential amino acids, lipids with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), carbohydrates, pigments, and other bioactive compounds. Thus, microalgae can be used as an essential, viable, and alternative feed ingredient in aquaculture feed. In recent times, live algae culture, whole algae, and lipid-extracted algae (LEA) have been tested in fish feed for growth, physiological activity, and nutritional value. The present review discusses the potential application of microalgae in aquaculture feed, its mode of application, nutritional value, and possible replacement of conventional feed ingredients, and disadvantages of plant-based feed. The review also focuses on integrated processes such as algae cultivation in aquaculture wastewater, aquaponics systems, challenges, and future prospects of using microalgae in the aquafeed industry.

Keywords

Aquaculture feed Carbohydrates Lipid extracted algae Microalgae Proteins

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Grants

  1. TBS13-00019-OC/Technology Innovation Agency (ZA)

MeSH Term

Animal Feed
Animals
Aquaculture
Biomass
Feasibility Studies
Microalgae
Wastewater

Chemicals

Waste Water
Journal Article Review
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Word Cloud

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