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Frontiers in microbiology
2021;12 689658.

Coxsackievirus A16 in Southern Vietnam.

Le Nguyen Truc Nhu, Le Nguyen Thanh Nhan, Nguyen To Anh, Nguyen Thi Thu Hong, Hoang Minh Tu Van, Tran Tan Thanh, Vu Thi Ty Hang, Do Duong Kim Han, Nguyen Thi Han Ny, Lam Anh Nguyet, Du Tuan Quy, Phan Tu Qui, Truong Huu Khanh, Nguyen Thanh Hung, Ha Manh Tuan, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Guy Thwaites, H Rogier van Doorn, Le Van Tan
Author Information
  1. Le Nguyen Truc Nhu: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  2. Le Nguyen Thanh Nhan: Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  3. Nguyen To Anh: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  4. Nguyen Thi Thu Hong: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  5. Hoang Minh Tu Van: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  6. Tran Tan Thanh: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  7. Vu Thi Ty Hang: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  8. Do Duong Kim Han: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  9. Nguyen Thi Han Ny: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  10. Lam Anh Nguyet: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  11. Du Tuan Quy: Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  12. Phan Tu Qui: Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  13. Truong Huu Khanh: Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  14. Nguyen Thanh Hung: Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  15. Ha Manh Tuan: Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  16. Nguyen Van Vinh Chau: Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  17. Guy Thwaites: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  18. H Rogier van Doorn: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  19. Le Van Tan: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
PMID: 34248913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689658

Abstract

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a major public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. Most recent HFMD outbreaks have been caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), CVA10, and CVA6. There has been no report regarding the epidemiology and genetic diversity of CVA16 in Vietnam. Such knowledge is critical to inform the development of intervention strategies. From 2011 to 2017, clinical samples were collected from in- and outpatients enrolled in a HFMD research program conducted at three referral hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. Throat or rectal swabs positive for CVA16 with sufficient viral load were selected for whole genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis. Throughout the study period, 320 CVA16 positive samples were collected from 2808 HFMD patients (11.4%). 59.4% of patients were male. The median age was 20.8 months (IQR, 14.96-31.41). patients resided in HCMC (55.3%), Mekong Delta (22.2%), and South East Vietnam (22.5%). 10% of CVA16 infected patients had moderately severe or severe HFMD. CVA16 positive samples from 153 patients were selected for whole genome sequencing, and 66 complete genomes were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Vietnamese CVA16 strains belong to a single genogroup B1a that clusters together with isolates from China, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, France and Australia. The CVA16 strains of the present study were circulating in Vietnam some 4 years prior to its detection in HFMD cases. We report for the first time on the molecular epidemiology of CVA16 in Vietnam. Unlike EV-A71, which showed frequent replacement between subgenogroups B5 and C4 every 2-3 years in Vietnam, CVA16 displays a less pronounced genetic alternation with only subgenogroup B1a circulating in Vietnam since 2011. Our collective findings emphasize the importance of active surveillance for viral circulation in HFMD endemic countries, critical to informing outbreak response and vaccine development.

Keywords

Vietnam coxsackievirus A16 evolution hand foot mouth disease picornavirus

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Grants

  1. /Wellcome Trust
Journal Article
Article has an altmetric score of 4

Word Cloud

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