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2021;2021 6696829.

Noncompliance with the WHO's Recommended Eight Antenatal Care Visits among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Analysis.

Emmanuel Kolawole Odusina, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Eugene Budu, Betregiorgis Zegeye, Sanni Yaya
Author Information
  1. Emmanuel Kolawole Odusina: Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Nigeria. ORCID
  2. Bright Opoku Ahinkorah: The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. ORCID
  3. Edward Kwabena Ameyaw: The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. ORCID
  4. Abdul-Aziz Seidu: Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. ORCID
  5. Eugene Budu: Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. ORCID
  6. Betregiorgis Zegeye: HaSET Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ORCID
  7. Sanni Yaya: University of Parakou, Faculty of Medicine, Parakou, Benin. ORCID
PMID: 34589549 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696829

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced a minimum of eight antenatal care (ANC) visits for positive pregnancy outcomes. This study examined the prevalence of noncompliance with 8+ ANCvisits and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
METHODS: We used data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of eight countries in SSA. A pooled sample of 63,266 pregnant women aged 15-49 years who had given birth to children within 5 years prior to the surveys was included in this study. To examine the factors associated with noncompliance with ANC 8+ visits, multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the results were reported using odds radios at 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of noncompliance with ANC 8+ visits was 92.3% (95% CI: 91.1%-93.3%) with the highest and lowest prevalence in Zambia (98.7%, 95% CI: 98.3%-99.1%) and Libya (73.4%, 95% CI: 70.4%-76.2%), respectively. With the individual level factors, women's age (44-49 years-aOR = 0.33, 9% CI: 0.14-0.78), health insurance registration, (yes-aOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29-0.98), and economic status (richest-aOR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05-0.49) were negatively associated with noncompliance with 8+ ANC visits, while parity (five or more children-aOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.12-2.52) was positively associated with noncompliance with 8+ ANC visit. With the community level factors, community level literacy was negatively associated with noncompliance with 8+ ANC visit (high-aOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.99).
CONCLUSION: About eight out of ten pregnant women did not comply with the WHO's recommended minimum of eight ANC visits for positive pregnancy outcomes in SSA. Empowering the economic status of women , enhancing health insurance and education coverage, and giving more attention to young pregnant women and those with more children are crucial for improving the coverage of ANC 8+ visits in the region.

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MeSH Term

Africa South of the Sahara
Female
Health Planning Guidelines
Health Surveys
Humans
Logistic Models
Multilevel Analysis
Multivariate Analysis
Patient Compliance
Pregnancy
Pregnant People
Prenatal Care
World Health Organization
Journal Article

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0ANC95%CI:08+visitsnoncomplianceassociated=eightfactorswomenprevalenceSSApregnant98levelHealthminimumpositivepregnancyoutcomesstudypooledyearschildren3%healthinsuranceeconomicstatusnegatively1visitcommunityWHO'scoverageBACKGROUND:2016WorldOrganizationWHOintroducedantenatalcareexaminedANCvisitssub-SaharanAfricaMETHODS:useddataDemographicSurveyscountriessample63266aged15-49givenbirthwithin5priorsurveysincludedexaminemultilevelbinarylogisticregressionanalysisconductedresultsreportedusingoddsradiosconfidenceintervalCIRESULTS:92911%-93highestlowestZambia7%3%-991%Libya734%704%-762%respectivelyindividualwomen'sage44-49years-aOR339%14-078registrationyes-aOR5329-0richest-aOR1605-049parityfivechildren-aOR6812-252positivelyliteracyhigh-aOR5632-099CONCLUSION:tencomplyrecommendedEmpoweringenhancingeducationgivingattentionyoungcrucialimprovingregionNoncomplianceRecommendedEightAntenatalCareVisitsamongPregnantWomenSub-SaharanAfrica:MultilevelAnalysis

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