Many vector-borne viruses possess the ability to manipulate vector behaviors to facilitate their transmission. There is evidence that the mechanism of this phenomenon has been described in part as direct manipulation through regulating vector chemosensation. Rice stripe virus (RSV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper, (Fallen), in a persistent, circulative-propagative manner. The effect of RSV infection on the olfactory system of has not been fully elucidated. Here, we employed transcriptomic sequencing to analyze gene expression profiles in antennae, legs and heads (without antennae) from females and males with/without RSV infection. Comparisons of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among antennae, legs and heads indicated that tissue-specific changes in the gene expression profile were greater than sex-specific changes. A total of 17 olfactory related genes were differentially expressed in viruliferous antennae as compared to nonviruliferous antennae, including , , , and . There are 23 olfactory related DEGs between viruliferous and nonviruliferous legs, including , , , and . A low number of olfactory related DEGs were found between viruliferous and nonviruliferous heads, including , , and . Among these DEGs, the expression patterns of , and in three tissues was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The demonstration of overall changes in the genes in chemoreception organs in response to RSV infection would not only improve our understanding of the effect of RSV on the olfactory related genes of insect vectors but also provide insights into developing approaches to control the plant virus transmission and spread as well as pest management in the future.
