OpenLB
Open Library of Bioscience
Advanced Search
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
11 08, 2021;106 (2): 504-512.

Nontyphoidal Salmonella among Children under 5 Years Old in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.

Rina Das, Md Ahshanul Haque, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Tahmeed Ahmed, Abu Syed Golam Faruque
Author Information
  1. Rina Das: Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  2. Md Ahshanul Haque: Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  3. Mohammod Jobayer Chisti: Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  4. Tahmeed Ahmed: Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  5. Abu Syed Golam Faruque: Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
PMID: 34749304 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0762

Abstract

Factors associated with nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection have not been well characterized to date. We aimed to compare the associated factors among children under age 5 years with NTS infection in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Data from children having moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and asymptomatic children with NTS isolated from fecal specimens were extracted from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), conducted from December 2007 to March 2011. Compared with NTS-negative children, NTS-associated MSD cases in South Asia were associated with the presence of goat in the house (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-3.70) and handwashing after handling an animal (aOR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.36-3.74). In sub-Saharan Africa, children with NTS associated MSD had a greater association with stunting (1.21 95% CI: 1.01-1.45), longer duration of diarrhea (aOR: 1.25 95% CI: 1.19-1.31); presence of cow in house (aOR: 1.54 95% CI: 1.09-2.16), handwashing after handling animal (aOR: 2.41 95% CI: 1.74-3.33). Drinking tube well water (aOR: 0.54 95% CI: 0.32-0.91), availability of toilet facility (aOR: 0.58 95% CI: 0.53-0.65), and handwashing before eating (aOR: 0.76 95% CI: 0.57-1.00) and after defecation (aOR: 0.80 95% CI: 0.69, 0.94) were found to be protective. The differentials between children of both regions having fecal NTS are distinct and underscore the need for policymaking for preventive and control strategies targeting stunted children.

References

  1. Nutrients. 2013 Feb 19;5(2):579-93 [PMID: 23429441]
  2. Int J Infect Dis. 2007 Jan;11(1):36-9 [PMID: 16564718]
  3. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Aug 15;43(4):402-7 [PMID: 16838226]
  4. Indian J Pediatr. 2011 Feb;78(2):165-70 [PMID: 20924718]
  5. PLoS One. 2015 Dec 18;10(12):e0144976 [PMID: 26683667]
  6. J Prev Med Hyg. 2019 Jun 28;60(2):E93-E102 [PMID: 31312738]
  7. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 6;352(1):39-47 [PMID: 15635111]
  8. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Dec;55 Suppl 4:S215-24 [PMID: 23169934]
  9. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013 Apr;88(4):661-9 [PMID: 23358644]
  10. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Nov;37(11):3458-64 [PMID: 10523534]
  11. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Aug;43(8):3636-41 [PMID: 16081890]
  12. Medicine (Baltimore). 2013 Mar;92(2):109-122 [PMID: 23429356]
  13. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Dec;55 Suppl 4:S246-53 [PMID: 23169937]
  14. J Infect Dis. 2008 Jul 1;198(1):109-14 [PMID: 18462137]
  15. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Jun;21(6): [PMID: 25860298]
  16. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Jan 15;32(2):263-9 [PMID: 11170916]
  17. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1991 Dec;9(4):315-7 [PMID: 1800562]
  18. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2018 Apr 12;3(2): [PMID: 30274437]
  19. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Aug 4;11(8):e0005795 [PMID: 28783751]
  20. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Dec;55 Suppl 4:S232-45 [PMID: 23169936]
  21. Int J Environ Health Res. 2003 Jun;13 Suppl 1:S81-7 [PMID: 12775383]
  22. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Aug 3;14(8):e0008440 [PMID: 32745137]
  23. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Dec;55 Suppl 4:S225-31 [PMID: 23169935]
  24. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Jan 5;11(1):e0005118 [PMID: 28056035]
  25. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 28;13(2): [PMID: 33525327]
  26. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 1;61 Suppl 4:S235-40 [PMID: 26449937]
  27. Lancet. 2012 Jun 30;379(9835):2489-2499 [PMID: 22587967]
  28. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Oct;59(7):933-41 [PMID: 24958238]
  29. Lancet. 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2197-223 [PMID: 23245608]
  30. Trop Med Health. 2019 May 2;47:29 [PMID: 31073272]
  31. Lancet. 2013 Jul 20;382(9888):209-22 [PMID: 23680352]
  32. Demography. 2001 Feb;38(1):115-32 [PMID: 11227840]
  33. Lancet. 2016 Sep 24;388(10051):1291-301 [PMID: 27673470]
  34. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010 Jan;66(1):50-7 [PMID: 18508227]
  35. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005 Feb;11(2):138-44 [PMID: 15679488]
  36. Source Code Biol Med. 2008 Dec 16;3:17 [PMID: 19087314]
  37. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Dec;55 Suppl 4:S294-302 [PMID: 23169941]
  38. BMC Public Health. 2013 Jan 30;13:89 [PMID: 23363772]
  39. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Nov;83(5):1106-9 [PMID: 21036846]
  40. Ann Saudi Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;30(5):381-5 [PMID: 20697172]
  41. Wellcome Open Res. 2019 Feb 18;4:35 [PMID: 30863794]
  42. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Sep;16(9):1448-51 [PMID: 20735930]
  43. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Sep 11;9(9):e0004066 [PMID: 26361076]
  44. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2011 Oct;24(5):484-9 [PMID: 21844803]
  45. Lancet. 2012 Feb 4;379(9814):413-31 [PMID: 22305225]
  46. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Feb;21(2):242-50 [PMID: 25625766]
  47. Int J Epidemiol. 1991 Dec;20(4):1057-63 [PMID: 1800404]
  48. Infect Dis (Lond). 2016 Nov-Dec;48(11-12):847-51 [PMID: 27300440]
  49. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 May 24;10(5):e0004729 [PMID: 27219054]
  50. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009 Aug 25;3(8):e412 [PMID: 19707588]
  51. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2014 Mar;11(3):200-6 [PMID: 24313784]

MeSH Term

Africa South of the Sahara
Animals
Asia
Cattle
Child, Preschool
Diarrhea
Drinking Water
Dysentery
Feces
Female
Goats
Growth Disorders
Hand Disinfection
Humans
Infant
Logistic Models
Male
Salmonella Infections
Sociodemographic Factors
Toilet Facilities
Water Supply

Chemicals

Drinking Water
Journal Article Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Article has an altmetric score of 3

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.095%1CI:0aOR:childrenNTSassociatedAfricaSouthAsiaMSD2handwashingSalmonellainfectionwellamong5sub-SaharandiarrheafecalGlobalEntericMulticenterStudypresencehousehandlinganimal54FactorsnontyphoidalcharacterizeddateaimedcomparefactorsageyearsDatamoderate-to-severeasymptomaticisolatedspecimensextractedGEMSconductedDecember2007March2011ComparedNTS-negativeNTS-associatedcasesgoatadjustedoddsratio[aOR]:15confidenceinterval[CI]:25-3702636-374greaterassociationstunting2101-145longerduration2519-131cow09-2164174-333Drinkingtubewater32-091availabilitytoiletfacility5853-065eating7657-100defecation806994foundprotectivedifferentialsregionsdistinctunderscoreneedpolicymakingpreventivecontrolstrategiestargetingstuntedNontyphoidalChildrenYearsOldSub-Saharan

Similar Articles

Cited By (4)