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Nov 17, 2021;9 (11):

The Importance of RNA-Based Vaccines in the Fight against COVID-19: An Overview.

Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado, Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel, Larissa Moraes Dos Santos Fonseca, Luís Alberto Brêda Mascarenhas, Leone Peter Correia da Silva Andrade, Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha, Milena Botelho Pereira Soares, Peter Berglund, Malcolm S Duthie, Steven G Reed, Roberto Badaró
Author Information
  1. Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado: SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil.
  2. Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel: SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil.
  3. Larissa Moraes Dos Santos Fonseca: SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil.
  4. Luís Alberto Brêda Mascarenhas: SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil.
  5. Leone Peter Correia da Silva Andrade: SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil.
  6. Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha: SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil.
  7. Milena Botelho Pereira Soares: SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil.
  8. Peter Berglund: HDT Bio, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
  9. Malcolm S Duthie: HDT Bio, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
  10. Steven G Reed: HDT Bio, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
  11. Roberto Badaró: SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil. ORCID
PMID: 34835276 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111345

Abstract

In recent years, vaccine development using ribonucleic acid (RNA) has become the most promising and studied approach to produce safe and effective new vaccines, not only for prophylaxis but also as a treatment. The use of messenger RNA (mRNA) as an immunogenic has several advantages to vaccine development compared to other platforms, such as lower coast, the absence of cell cultures, and the possibility to combine different targets. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of mRNA as a vaccine became more relevant; two out of the four most widely applied vaccines against COVID-19 in the world are based on this platform. However, even though it presents advantages for vaccine application, mRNA technology faces several pivotal challenges to improve mRNA stability, delivery, and the potential to generate the related protein needed to induce a humoral- and T-cell-mediated immune response. The application of mRNA to vaccine development emerged as a powerful tool to fight against cancer and non-infectious and infectious diseases, for example, and represents a relevant research field for future decades. Based on these advantages, this review emphasizes mRNA and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) for vaccine development, mainly to fight against COVID-19, together with the challenges related to this approach.

Keywords

COVID-19 RNA vaccines SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines saRNA vaccines

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