RETRACTED: Combined Toxicity of Xenobiotics Bisphenol A and Heavy Metals on Zebrafish Embryos ().
Davide Di Paola, Fabiano Capparucci, Giovanni Lanteri, Marika Cordaro, Rosalia Crupi, Rosalba Siracusa, Ramona D'Amico, Roberta Fusco, Daniela Impellizzeri, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Nunziacarla Spanò, Enrico Gugliandolo, Alessio Filippo Peritore
Author Information
Davide Di Paola: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Fabiano Capparucci: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Giovanni Lanteri: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Marika Cordaro: Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Rosalia Crupi: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Rosalba Siracusa: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Ramona D'Amico: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Roberta Fusco: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Daniela Impellizzeri: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Salvatore Cuzzocrea: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Nunziacarla Spanò: Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Enrico Gugliandolo: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Alessio Filippo Peritore: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy. ORCID
Environmental pollutants may cause adverse effects on the immune system of aquatic organisms. This study revealed that combination of environmental pollutants and Bisphenol A(BPA) could cause an acute inflammatory response in zebrafish larvae as shown by body alterations, which may imply a common immunotoxicity mechanism for most environmental pollutants. In the present study we evaluated the toxicity after co-exposure of BPA and Cd or Cr (III) in zebrafish embryos and larvae, and the oxidative stress pathway involved. Evaluation of lethal and developmental endpoints such as hatching, edema, malformations, abnormal heart rate and survival rate were evaluated after 96 h of exposure. Combination of BPA at 10 μM with Cd or Cr at 0.5 μM exposure induce malformations at 96 hpf in zebrafish larvae, as well as significantly increases oxidative stress and induce apoptosis on larvae. Our study suggested how environmental pollutant showed a synergistic effect at common not-effective doses, promoting decrease of antioxidant defense and contrasted fish development.
