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12 17, 2021;12 (12):

The Neglected Contribution of Streptomycin to the Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Problem.

Deisy M G C Rocha, Miguel Viveiros, Margarida Saraiva, Nuno S Osório
Author Information
  1. Deisy M G C Rocha: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
  2. Miguel Viveiros: GHTM, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal. ORCID
  3. Margarida Saraiva: i3S, Instituto de Investigacão e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
  4. Nuno S Osório: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. ORCID
PMID: 34946952 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122003

Abstract

The airborne pathogen is responsible for a present major public health problem worsened by the emergence of drug resistance. has acquired and developed streptomycin (STR) resistance mechanisms that have been maintained and transmitted in the population over the last decades. Indeed, STR resistant mutations are frequently identified across the main lineages that cause tuberculosis outbreaks worldwide. The spread of STR resistance is likely related to the low impact of the most frequent underlying mutations on the fitness of the bacteria. The withdrawal of STR from the first-line treatment of tuberculosis potentially lowered the importance of studying STR resistance. However, the prevalence of STR resistance remains very high, could be underestimated by current genotypic methods, and was found in outbreaks of multi-drug (MDR) and extensively drug (XDR) strains in different geographic regions. Therefore, the contribution of STR resistance to the problem of tuberculosis drug resistance should not be neglected. Here, we review the impact of STR resistance and detail well-known and novel candidate STR resistance mechanisms, genes, and mutations. In addition, we aim to provide insights into the possible role of STR resistance in the development of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.

Keywords

Mycobacterium antibiotic drug-resistance lineages multidrug-resistance mutations resistance level streptomycin tuberculosis

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MeSH Term

Drug Resistance, Microbial
Genotype
Humans
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Mutation
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Streptomycin
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant

Chemicals

Streptomycin
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review
Article has an altmetric score of 9

Word Cloud

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