Neurodevelopment in Children Exposed to Zika : Clinical and Molecular Aspects.
Lavínia Schuler-Faccini, Miguel Del Campo, Alfredo García-Alix, Liana O Ventura, Juliano André Boquett, Vanessa van der Linden, André Pessoa, Hélio van der Linden Júnior, Camila V Ventura, Mariana Carvalho Leal, Thayne Woycinck Kowalski, Lais Rodrigues Gerzson, Carla Skilhan de Almeida, Lucélia Santi, Walter O Beys-da-Silva, André Quincozes-Santos, Jorge A Guimarães, Patricia P Garcez, Julia do Amaral Gomes, Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna, André Anjos da Silva, Lucas Rosa Fraga, Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino, Alysson R Muotri, Rafael Lopes da Rosa, Alberto Mantovani Abeche, Clairton Marcolongo-Pereira, Diogo O Souza
Author Information
Lavínia Schuler-Faccini: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Miguel Del Campo: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Liana O Ventura: Department of Ophthalmology, Fundação Altino Ventura, FAV, Recife, Brazil.
Juliano André Boquett: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Vanessa van der Linden: Hospital Barão de Lucena, Recife, Brazil.
André Pessoa: Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Hélio van der Linden Júnior: Dr. Henrique Santillo Rehabilitation and Readaptation Center, Goiânia, Brazil.
Camila V Ventura: Department of Ophthalmology, Fundação Altino Ventura, FAV, Recife, Brazil.
Mariana Carvalho Leal: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
Thayne Woycinck Kowalski: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Lais Rodrigues Gerzson: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Carla Skilhan de Almeida: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Lucélia Santi: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Walter O Beys-da-Silva: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
André Quincozes-Santos: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Jorge A Guimarães: Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Patricia P Garcez: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Julia do Amaral Gomes: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
André Anjos da Silva: School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences-Universidade do Vale do Taquari-UNIVATES, Lajeado, Brazil.
Lucas Rosa Fraga: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino: Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Alysson R Muotri: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Rafael Lopes da Rosa: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Alberto Mantovani Abeche: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Clairton Marcolongo-Pereira: Centro Universitário do Estírito Santo, UNESC, Colatina, Brazil.
Diogo O Souza: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Five years after the identification of Zika virus as a human teratogen, we reviewed the early clinical manifestations, collectively called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Children with CZS have a very poor prognosis with extremely low performance in motor, cognitive, and language development domains, and practically all feature severe forms of cerebral palsy. However, these manifestations are the tip of the iceberg, with some children presenting milder forms of deficits. Additionally, neurodevelopment can be in the normal range in the majority of the non-microcephalic children born without brain or eye abnormalities. Vertical transmission and the resulting disruption in development of the brain are much less frequent when maternal infection occurs in the second half of the pregnancy. Experimental studies have alerted to the possibility of other behavioral outcomes both in prenatally infected children and in postnatal and adult infections. Cofactors play a vital role in the development of CZS and involve genetic, environmental, nutritional, and social determinants leading to the asymmetric distribution of cases. Some of these social variables also limit access to multidisciplinary professional treatment.
