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03 28, 2022;11 (7):

Sexual Dimorphism in Kisspeptin Signaling.

Eun Bee Lee, Iman Dilower, Courtney A Marsh, Michael W Wolfe, Saeed Masumi, Sameer Upadhyaya, Mohammad A Karim Rumi
Author Information
  1. Eun Bee Lee: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
  2. Iman Dilower: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
  3. Courtney A Marsh: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
  4. Michael W Wolfe: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
  5. Saeed Masumi: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
  6. Sameer Upadhyaya: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
  7. Mohammad A Karim Rumi: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
PMID: 35406710 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071146

Abstract

Kisspeptin (KP) and kisspeptin receptor (KPR) are essential for the onset of puberty, development of gonads, and maintenance of gonadal function in both males and females. Hypothalamic KPs and KPR display a high degree of sexual dimorphism in expression and function. KPs act on KPR in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and induce distinct patterns of GnRH secretion in males and females. GnRH acts on the anterior pituitary to secrete gonadotropins, which are required for steroidogenesis and gametogenesis in testes and ovaries. Gonadal steroid hormones in turn regulate the KP neurons. Gonadal hormones inhibit the KP neurons within the arcuate nucleus and generate pulsatile GnRH mediated gonadotropin (GPN) secretion in both sexes. However, the numbers of KP neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and preoptic area are greater in females, which release a large amount of KPs in response to a high estrogen level and induce the preovulatory GPN surge. In addition to the hypothalamus, KPs and KPR are also expressed in various extrahypothalamic tissues including the liver, pancreas, fat, and gonads. There is a remarkable difference in circulating KP levels between males and females. An increased level of KPs in females can be linked to increased numbers of KP neurons in female hypothalamus and more KP production in the ovaries and adipose tissues. Although the sexually dimorphic features are well characterized for hypothalamic KPs, very little is known about the extrahypothalamic KPs. This review article summarizes current knowledge regarding the sexual dimorphism in hypothalamic as well as extrahypothalamic KP and KPR system in primates and rodents.

Keywords

GnRH neurons extrahypothalamic kisspeptins gonadotropins kisspeptin neurons kisspeptins sexual dimorphism

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Grants

  1. P30 GM122731/NIGMS NIH HHS
  2. P20 GM103418/NIGMS NIH HHS
  3. R21 HD105095/NICHD NIH HHS

MeSH Term

Animals
Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus
Female
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Kisspeptins
Male
Sex Characteristics
Sexual Maturation

Chemicals

Kisspeptins
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Journal Article Review Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Article has an altmetric score of 2

Word Cloud

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