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Global change biology
08, 2022;28 (16): 4783-4793.

A global synthesis of human impacts on the multifunctionality of streams and rivers.

Mario Brauns, Daniel C Allen, Iola G Boëchat, Wyatt F Cross, Verónica Ferreira, Daniel Graeber, Christopher J Patrick, Marc Peipoch, Daniel von Schiller, Björn Gücker
Author Information
  1. Mario Brauns: Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany. ORCID
  2. Daniel C Allen: Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA. ORCID
  3. Iola G Boëchat: Department of Geosciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil. ORCID
  4. Wyatt F Cross: Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA. ORCID
  5. Verónica Ferreira: Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ORCID
  6. Daniel Graeber: Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany. ORCID
  7. Christopher J Patrick: Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA. ORCID
  8. Marc Peipoch: Ecosystem Ecology Group, Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, Pennsylvania, USA. ORCID
  9. Daniel von Schiller: Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain. ORCID
  10. Björn Gücker: Department of Geosciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil. ORCID
PMID: 35579172 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16210

Abstract

Human impacts, particularly nutrient pollution and land-use change, have caused significant declines in the quality and quantity of freshwater resources. Most global assessments have concentrated on species diversity and composition, but effects on the multifunctionality of streams and rivers remain unclear. Here, we analyse the most comprehensive compilation of stream ecosystem functions to date to provide an overview of the responses of nutrient uptake, leaf litter decomposition, ecosystem productivity, and food web complexity to six globally pervasive human stressors. We show that human stressors inhibited ecosystem functioning for most stressor-function pairs. Nitrate uptake efficiency was most affected and was inhibited by 347% due to agriculture. However, concomitant negative and positive effects were common even within a given stressor-function pair. Some part of this variability in effect direction could be explained by the structural heterogeneity of the landscape and latitudinal position of the streams. Ranking human stressors by their absolute effects on ecosystem multifunctionality revealed significant effects for all studied stressors, with wastewater effluents (194%), agriculture (148%), and urban land use (137%) having the strongest effects. Our results demonstrate that we are at risk of losing the functional backbone of streams and rivers if human stressors persist in contemporary intensity, and that freshwaters are losing critical ecosystem services that humans rely on. We advocate for more studies on the effects of multiple stressors on ecosystem multifunctionality to improve the functional understanding of human impacts. Finally, freshwater management must shift its focus toward an ecological function-based approach and needs to develop strategies for maintaining or restoring ecosystem functioning of streams and rivers.

Keywords

food webs leaf litter decomposition meta-analysis multiple stressors nutrient uptake secondary production whole-stream metabolism

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MeSH Term

Agriculture
Anthropogenic Effects
Ecosystem
Food Chain
Humans
Rivers
Journal Article
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Created with Highcharts 10.0.0ecosystemstressorseffectshumanstreamsmultifunctionalityriversimpactsnutrientuptakesignificantfreshwatergloballeaflitterdecompositionfoodinhibitedfunctioningstressor-functionagriculturelosingfunctionalmultipleHumanparticularlypollutionland-usechangecauseddeclinesqualityquantityresourcesassessmentsconcentratedspeciesdiversitycompositionremainunclearanalysecomprehensivecompilationstreamfunctionsdateprovideoverviewresponsesproductivitywebcomplexitysixgloballypervasiveshowpairsNitrateefficiencyaffected347%dueHoweverconcomitantnegativepositivecommonevenwithingivenpairpartvariabilityeffectdirectionexplainedstructuralheterogeneitylandscapelatitudinalpositionRankingabsoluterevealedstudiedwastewatereffluents194%148%urbanlanduse137%strongestresultsdemonstrateriskbackbonepersistcontemporaryintensityfreshwaterscriticalserviceshumansrelyadvocatestudiesimproveunderstandingFinallymanagementmustshiftfocustowardecologicalfunction-basedapproachneedsdevelopstrategiesmaintainingrestoringsynthesiswebsmeta-analysissecondaryproductionwhole-streammetabolism

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