Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard: Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Mostafa Saffari: Department of Pharmaceutics, Scholl of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Elham Zarenezhad: Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Mahmoud Osanloo: Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran. m.osanloo@fums.ac.ir. ORCID
BACKGROUND: Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and encephalitis are still the cause of several hundred thousand deaths annually. The excessive use of chemical insecticides for transmission control has led to environmental pollution and widespread resistance in mosquitoes. Botanical insecticides' efficacies improvement has thus received considerable attention recently. METHODS: The larvicidal effects of three essential oils from the Citrus family and limonene (their major ingredient) were first investigated against malaria and filariasis mosquito vectors. An attempt was then made to improve their efficacies by preparing nanoliposomes containing each of them. RESULTS: The larvicidal effect of nanoformulated forms was more effective than non-formulated states. Nanoliposomes containing Citrus aurantium essential oil with a particle size of 52 ± 4 nm showed the best larvicidal activity (LC and LC values) against Anopheles stephensi (6.63 and 12.29 µg/mL) and Culex quinquefasciatus (4.9 and 16.4 µg/mL). CONCLUSION: Due to the green constituents and high efficacy of nanoliposomes containing C. aurantium essential oil, it could be considered for further investigation against other mosquitoes' populations and field trials.
