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May 23, 2022;13 (5):

Meta-Analysis of Immune Induced Gene Expression Changes in Diverse Innate Immune Responses.

Ashley L Waring, Joshua Hill, Brooke M Allen, Nicholas M Bretz, Nguyen Le, Pooja Kr, Dakota Fuss, Nathan T Mortimer
Author Information
  1. Ashley L Waring: School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
  2. Joshua Hill: School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
  3. Brooke M Allen: School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
  4. Nicholas M Bretz: School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
  5. Nguyen Le: School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA. ORCID
  6. Pooja Kr: School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
  7. Dakota Fuss: School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
  8. Nathan T Mortimer: School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA. ORCID
PMID: 35621824 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050490

Abstract

Organisms are commonly infected by a diverse array of pathogens and mount functionally distinct responses to each of these varied immune challenges. Host immune responses are characterized by the induction of gene expression, however, the extent to which expression changes are shared among responses to distinct pathogens is largely unknown. To examine this, we performed meta-analysis of gene expression data collected from following infection with a wide array of pathogens. We identified 62 genes that are significantly induced by infection. While many of these infection-induced genes encode known immune response factors, we also identified 21 genes that have not been previously associated with host immunity. Examination of the upstream flanking sequences of the infection-induced genes lead to the identification of two conserved enhancer sites. These sites correspond to conserved binding sites for GATA and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) family transcription factors and are associated with higher levels of transcript induction. We further identified 31 genes with predicted functions in metabolism and organismal development that are significantly downregulated following infection by diverse pathogens. Our study identifies conserved gene expression changes in following infection with varied pathogens, and transcription factor families that may regulate this immune induction.

Keywords

Drosophila melanogaster gene expression innate immunity pathogen infection transcriptome analysis

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Grants

  1. R35 GM133760/NIGMS NIH HHS
  2. R35GM133760/National Institute of Health
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