Imaging of the postoperative spine intends to answer two main questions: It is used to assess the surgical success and to identify complications. To this end, conventional X‑ray, computer tomography (CT), myelography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are available. The radiologist has to select the appropriate modality for sufficient diagnosis considering the preoperative situation, the performed operation, and existing postoperative symptoms. Particularly, the implantation of foreign material represents a technical challenge in the context of image acquisition. In the radiologist's report, one must differentiate between expected postoperative changes and relevant complications. Close communication with the patients and the referring clinicians is essential. Especially clinical signs of infection, new or progressive neurological deficits and cauda equina and conus medullaris syndromes require an immediate diagnosis to facilitate prompt therapy.
