OpenLB
Open Library of Bioscience
Advanced Search
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju
Jul 07, 2022;73 (2): 94-106.

Wi-Fi technology and human health impact: a brief review of current knowledge.

Ivica Prlić, Jerko Šiško, Veda Marija Varnai, Luka Pavelić, Jelena Macan, Silvija Kobešćak, Mladen Hajdinjak, Mihovil Jurdana, Zdravko Cerovac, Branimir Zauner, Marija Surić Mihić, Selma Cvijetić Avdagić
Author Information
  1. Ivica Prlić: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
  2. Jerko Šiško: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
  3. Veda Marija Varnai: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
  4. Luka Pavelić: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
  5. Jelena Macan: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
  6. Silvija Kobešćak: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
  7. Mladen Hajdinjak: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
  8. Mihovil Jurdana: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
  9. Zdravko Cerovac: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
  10. Branimir Zauner: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
  11. Marija Surić Mihić: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
  12. Selma Cvijetić Avdagić: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
PMID: 35792772 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3402

Abstract

An enormous increase in the application of wireless communication in recent decades has intensified research into consequent increase in human exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiofrequency (RF) radiation fields and potential health effects, especially in school children and teenagers, and this paper gives a snap overview of current findings and recommendations of international expert bodies, with the emphasis on exposure from Wi-Fi technology indoor devices. Our analysis includes over 100 , animal, epidemiological, and exposure assessment studies (of which 37 and 30 covering Wi-Fi technologies). Only a small portion of published research papers refers to the "real" health impact of Wi-Fi technologies on children, because they are simply not available. Results from animal studies are rarely fully transferable to humans. As highly controlled laboratory exposure experiments do not reflect real physical interaction between RF radiation fields with biological tissue, dosimetry methods, protocols, and instrumentation need constant improvement. Several studies repeatedly confirmed thermal effect of RF field interaction with human tissue, but non-thermal effects remain dubious and unconfirmed.

Keywords

SAR e-school e-škola exposure to RF fields izloženost RF poljima radiofrekvencija radiofrequency

References

  1. Phys Med Biol. 1996 Nov;41(11):2251-69 [PMID: 8938025]
  2. Bioelectromagnetics. 2015 Jan;36(1):77-85 [PMID: 25421708]
  3. Radiat Res. 2015 Dec;184(6):565-7 [PMID: 26579940]
  4. J Chem Neuroanat. 2016 Sep;75(Pt B):85-93 [PMID: 26371078]
  5. Bioelectromagnetics. 2012 Dec;33(8):652-61 [PMID: 22556007]
  6. Free Radic Res. 2014 May;48(5):511-25 [PMID: 24490664]
  7. Health Phys. 2020 May;118(5):483-524 [PMID: 32167495]
  8. Reprod Toxicol. 2013 Apr;36:1-5 [PMID: 23178895]
  9. Oncotarget. 2016 Oct 4;7(40):64674-64689 [PMID: 27589837]
  10. Int J Toxicol. 2015 May-Jun;34(3):284-90 [PMID: 25749756]
  11. Behav Brain Res. 2013 Mar 1;240:197-201 [PMID: 23195115]
  12. Ren Fail. 2016;38(4):571-80 [PMID: 26905323]
  13. Reprod Biomed Online. 2007 Sep;15(3):266-70 [PMID: 17854521]
  14. Environ Int. 2021 Dec;157:106806 [PMID: 34454359]
  15. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016 Aug;94(8):849-57 [PMID: 27203380]
  16. Environ Toxicol. 2016 Dec;31(12):1771-1784 [PMID: 26268881]
  17. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2015 Feb;163(1-2):193-201 [PMID: 25395122]
  18. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jan;62(1):12-5 [PMID: 24492496]
  19. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2013 Nov;113(2):254-63 [PMID: 23872299]
  20. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Aug 1;175(4):432-439 [PMID: 28074013]
  21. J Chem Neuroanat. 2016 Sep;75(Pt B):116-22 [PMID: 26775760]
  22. Environ Res. 2010 Oct;110(7):658-63 [PMID: 20638656]
  23. Health Phys. 1998 Apr;74(4):494-522 [PMID: 9525427]
  24. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2013 Jan;111(1):30-6 [PMID: 23085070]
  25. Phys Med Biol. 1997 Jul;42(7):1471-2 [PMID: 9253055]
  26. Health Phys. 2009 Oct;97(4):348-56 [PMID: 19741364]
  27. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 May;270(5):1695-700 [PMID: 23479077]
  28. Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 2018 Nov;(596): [PMID: 33562896]
  29. Electromagn Biol Med. 2017;36(1):20-30 [PMID: 27362544]
  30. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2017 Sep;27(5):497-504 [PMID: 27759027]
  31. Environ Res. 2014 Oct;134:134-42 [PMID: 25127524]
  32. Health Phys. 2011 Jun;100(6):594-612 [PMID: 22004929]
  33. Radiat Res. 2010 Dec;174(6):732-40 [PMID: 21128797]
  34. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2011 Dec;107(3):412-20 [PMID: 21856328]
  35. Health Phys. 2013 Dec;105(6):561-75 [PMID: 24162060]
  36. Cell Transplant. 2012;21(6):1225-33 [PMID: 21975035]
  37. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013 Dec;156(1-3):221-9 [PMID: 24101576]
  38. Bioelectromagnetics. 2012 Jul;33(5):410-20 [PMID: 22228576]
  39. Fertil Steril. 2012 Jan;97(1):39-45.e2 [PMID: 22112647]
  40. J Integr Neurosci. 2011 Jun;10(2):189-202 [PMID: 21714138]
  41. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 06;10(7):e0131521 [PMID: 26147611]
  42. J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Apr;9(2):223-9 [PMID: 22465825]
  43. Endocrine. 2016 May;52(2):352-62 [PMID: 26578367]
  44. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Dec;148(2):380-99 [PMID: 26396154]
  45. Phys Med Biol. 1997 Aug;42(8):1671-3 [PMID: 9279914]
  46. Neurotoxicology. 2015 Dec;51:158-65 [PMID: 26511840]
  47. Int J Radiat Biol. 2013 Apr;89(4):243-9 [PMID: 23206266]
  48. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013 Nov;36(3):826-34 [PMID: 23994945]
  49. Bioelectromagnetics. 2003;Suppl 6:S148-61 [PMID: 14628311]
  50. Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 2018 Nov;(595): [PMID: 33562898]
  51. Andrologia. 2014 Feb;46(1):65-72 [PMID: 23145464]
  52. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015 Sep;40(2):600-5 [PMID: 26356390]
  53. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2020 Oct 06;71(3):205-210 [PMID: 33074167]
  54. Int J Epidemiol. 2017 Jun 1;46(3):775-787 [PMID: 26534947]
  55. Health Phys. 2015 Aug;109(2):117-21 [PMID: 26107432]
  56. Health Phys. 2020 May;118(5):525-532 [PMID: 31464775]
  57. J Chem Neuroanat. 2016 Sep;75(Pt B):134-9 [PMID: 26520617]
  58. Electromagn Biol Med. 2015 Mar;34(1):37-42 [PMID: 24460421]
  59. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2015 Sep;240(9):1123-35 [PMID: 25649190]
  60. Electromagn Biol Med. 2014 Jun;33(2):81-91 [PMID: 23676079]
  61. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2012 Apr;95(2):130-6 [PMID: 22311618]
  62. Cell J. 2015 Summer;17(2):322-31 [PMID: 26199911]
  63. Int J Radiat Biol. 2014 Oct;90(10):892-6 [PMID: 24844368]
  64. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2015;78(6):353-6 [PMID: 25734762]
  65. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2013;102(Pt 2):1-460 [PMID: 24772662]
  66. Radiat Res. 2013 Jun;179(6):707-16 [PMID: 23662649]
  67. Health Phys. 2016 Sep;111(3):300-6 [PMID: 27472755]
  68. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2015 Sep;31(9):480-4 [PMID: 26362961]
  69. Health Phys. 2009 Sep;97(3):257-8 [PMID: 19667809]
  70. Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR. 1989;21(1):65-72 [PMID: 2694195]
  71. Health Phys. 2014 Dec;107(6):503-13 [PMID: 25353235]
  72. Int J Radiat Biol. 2015 Jul;91(7):555-61 [PMID: 25775055]
  73. Radiat Res. 2015 Dec;184(6):568-77 [PMID: 26600173]
  74. Life Sci. 2015 Apr 15;127:1-11 [PMID: 25731700]

MeSH Term

Adolescent
Animals
Child
Humans
Radio Waves
Technology
Journal Article Review
Article has an altmetric score of 53

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0exposureRFWi-FihumanfieldshealthstudiesincreaseresearchradiofrequencyradiationeffectschildrencurrenttechnologyanimaltechnologiesinteractiontissueenormousapplicationwirelesscommunicationrecentdecadesintensifiedconsequentelectromagneticEMpotentialespeciallyschoolteenagerspapergivessnapoverviewfindingsrecommendationsinternationalexpertbodiesemphasisindoordevicesanalysisincludes100epidemiologicalassessment3730coveringsmallportionpublishedpapersrefers"real"impactsimplyavailableResultsrarelyfullytransferablehumanshighlycontrolledlaboratoryexperimentsreflectrealphysicalbiologicaldosimetrymethodsprotocolsinstrumentationneedconstantimprovementSeveralrepeatedlyconfirmedthermaleffectfieldnon-thermalremaindubiousunconfirmedimpact:briefreviewknowledgeSARe-schoole-školaizloženostpoljimaradiofrekvencija

Similar Articles

Cited By