Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides and Preschool ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.
Cherrel K Manley, Gro D Villanger, Cathrine Thomsen, Enrique Cequier, Amrit K Sakhi, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Amy H Herring, Kristin R Øvergaard, Pal Zeiner, Kyle R Roell, Lawrence S Engel, Elizabeth M Kamai, Jake Thistle, Amber Hall, Heidi Aase, Stephanie M Engel
Author Information
Cherrel K Manley: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. ORCID
Gro D Villanger: Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
Cathrine Thomsen: Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
Enrique Cequier: Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway. ORCID
Amrit K Sakhi: Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud: Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
Amy H Herring: Department of Statistical Science and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Kristin R Øvergaard: Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway. ORCID
Pal Zeiner: Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
Kyle R Roell: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Lawrence S Engel: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. ORCID
Elizabeth M Kamai: Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
Jake Thistle: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Amber Hall: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Heidi Aase: Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
Stephanie M Engel: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) exposure has been associated with child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in agricultural communities and those that are exposed to residentially applied insecticides. To examine this association in populations that are exposed primarily through diet, we estimate the associations between prenatal OPP exposure and preschool ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and describe modification by paraoxonase 1 () gene variants. We used participants from the MoBa Preschool ADHD Sub-study ( = 259 cases) and a random sample of MoBa sub-cohort participants ( = 547) with birth years from 2004 to 2008. Prenatal urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites (total diethylphosphate [∑DEP] and total dimethylphosphate [∑DMP]) were measured by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight system and summed by molar concentration. Maternal DNA was genotyped for coding variants of (Q192R and L55M). We used a multivariable logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for maternal education, parity, income dependency, age, marital status, ADHD-like symptoms, pesticide use, produce consumption, and season. We found no associations between DAP metabolite concentrations and preschool ADHD. The adjusted ORs for exposure quartiles 2-4 relative to 1 were slightly inverse. No monotonic trends were observed, and the estimates lacked precision, likely due to the small sample size and variation in the population. We found no evidence of modification by SNP variation or child sex. Maternal urinary DAP concentrations were not associated with preschool ADHD.
