Estimation of Leaf Area Index with a Multi-Channel Spectral Micro-Sensor for Wireless Sensing Networks.
Laura Maria Comella, Florian Bregler, Eiko Hager, Markus Anys, Johannes Klueppel, Stefan J Rupitsch, Christiane Werner, Peter Woias
Author Information
Laura Maria Comella: Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Florian Bregler: Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Eiko Hager: Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Markus Anys: Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Friedrichstraße 39, 79085 Freiburg, Germany. ORCID
Johannes Klueppel: Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Stefan J Rupitsch: Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Christiane Werner: Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. ORCID
Peter Woias: Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
The leaf area index (LAI) is a key parameter in the context of monitoring the development of tree crowns and plants in general. As parameters such as carbon assimilation, environmental stress on carbon, and the water fluxes within tree canopies are correlated to the leaves surface, this parameter is essential for understanding and modeling ecological processes. However, its continuous monitoring using manual state-of-the-art measurement instruments is still challenging. To address this challenge, we present an innovative sensor concept to obtain the LAI based on the cheap and easy to integrate multi-channel spectral sensor AS7341. Additionally, we present a method for processing and filtering the gathered data, which enables very high accuracy measurements with an nRMSE of only 0.098, compared to the manually-operated state-of-the-art instrument LAI-2200C (LiCor). The sensor that is embedded on a sensor node has been tested in long-term experiments, proving its suitability for continuous deployment over an entire season. It permits the estimation of both the plant area index (PAI) and leaf area index (LAI) and provides the first wireless system that obtains the LAI solely powered by solar cells. Its energy autonomy and wireless connectivity make it suitable for a massive deployment over large areas and at different levels of the tree crown. It may be upgraded to allow the parallel measurement of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and light quality, relevant parameters for monitoring processes within tree canopies.
