- Yilun Koethe: Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR. Electronic address: Yilun.Koethe@gmail.com.
- Alex Powell: Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL.
Multiple or alternate arterial accesses are often required when tackling more challenging peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Knowledge and familiarity in performing antegrade femoral, popliteal, tibial, and upper extremity access can improve the success rate of complex PAD interventions. This article provides a detailed review of indications, technical how-tos, and outcomes of these alternative accesses.