Insight into the pulmonary molecular toxicity of heated tobacco products using human bronchial and alveolar mucosa models at air-liquid interface.
Mizanur Rahman, Martin Irmler, Micol Introna, Johannes Beckers, Lena Palmberg, Gunnar Johanson, Swapna Upadhyay, Koustav Ganguly
Author Information
Mizanur Rahman: Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Martin Irmler: Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
Micol Introna: Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Johannes Beckers: Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
Lena Palmberg: Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Gunnar Johanson: Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Swapna Upadhyay: Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. swapna.upadhyay@ki.se.
Koustav Ganguly: Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. koustav.ganguly@ki.se.
Heated tobacco products (HTP) are novel nicotine delivery products with limited toxicological data. HTP uses heating instead of combustion to generate aerosol (HTP-smoke). Physiologically relevant human bronchial and alveolar lung mucosa models developed at air-liquid interface were exposed to HTP-smoke to assess broad toxicological response (n = 6-7; ISO puffing regimen; compared to sham; non-parametric statistical analysis; significance: p < 0.05). Elevated levels of total cellular reactive oxygen species, stress responsive nuclear factor kappa-B, and DNA damage markers [8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, phosphorylated histone H2AX, cleaved poly-(ADP-Ribose) polymerase] were detected in HTP-smoke exposed bronchial and/or alveolar models. RNA sequencing detected differential regulation of 724 genes in the bronchial- and 121 genes in the alveolar model following HTP-smoke exposure (cut off: p ≤ 0.01; fold change: ≥ 2). Common enriched pathways included estrogen biosynthesis, ferroptosis, superoxide radical degradation, xenobiotics, and α-tocopherol degradation. Secreted levels of interleukin (IL)1ꞵ and IL8 increased in the bronchial model whereas in the alveolar model, interferon-γ and IL4 increased and IL13 decreased following HTP-smoke exposure. Increased lipid peroxidation was detected in HTP-smoke exposed bronchial and alveolar models which was inhibited by ferrostatin-1. The findings form a basis to perform independent risk assessment studies on different flavours of HTP using different puffing topography and corresponding chemical characterization.
References
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 May 31;10(6):
[PMID: 34072997]
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 21;18(12):
[PMID: 34205612]
