The interRAI CHESS scale is comparable to the palliative performance scale in predicting 90-day mortality in a palliative home care population.
Nicole Williams, Kirsten Hermans, Joachim Cohen, Anja Declercq, Ahmed Jakda, James Downar, Dawn M Guthrie, John P Hirdes
Author Information
Nicole Williams: Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, Canada. nwilliams@wlu.ca.
Kirsten Hermans: LUCAS - Center for Care Research and Consultancy, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 8 box, 5310, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Joachim Cohen: End-of-life Care Research Group, University of Brussels (VUB) and Ghent University (UGent), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
Anja Declercq: LUCAS - Center for Care Research and Consultancy, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 8 box, 5310, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Ahmed Jakda: Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, 100 Main Street West, Hamilton, Canada.
James Downar: Department of Medicine, Division of Palliative Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
Dawn M Guthrie: Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, Canada.
John P Hirdes: School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Canada.
BACKGROUND: Prognostic accuracy is important throughout all stages of the illness trajectory as it has implications for the timing of important conversations and decisions around care. Physicians often tend to over-estimate prognosis and may under-recognize palliative care (PC) needs. It is therefore essential that all relevant stakeholders have as much information available to them as possible when estimating prognosis. AIMS: The current study examined whether the interRAI Changes in Health, End-Stage Disease, Signs and Symptoms (CHESS) Scale is a good predictor of mortality in a known PC population and to see how it compares to the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) in predicting 90-day mortality. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from 2011 to 2018 on 80,261 unique individuals receiving palliative home care and assessed with both the interRAI Palliative Care instrument and the PPS. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between the main outcome, 90-day mortality and were then replicated for a secondary outcome examining the number of nursing visits. Comparison of survival time was examined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: The CHESS Scale was an acceptable predictor of 90-day mortality (c-statistic = 0.68; p < 0.0001) and was associated with the number of nursing days (c = 0.61; p < 0.0001) and had comparable performance to the PPS (c = 0.69; p < 0.0001). The CHESS Scale performed slightly better than the PPS in predicting 90-day mortality when combined with other interRAI PC items (c = 0.72; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The interRAI CHESS Scale is an additional decision-support tool available to clinicians that can be used alongside the PPS when estimating prognosis. This additional information can assist with the development of care plans, discussions, and referrals to specialist PC teams.
