Yintong Teng: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jiaqi He: Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Qingping Zhong: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Yangmei Zhang: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Zhenxing Lu: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Tianwang Guan: Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Yuxuan Pan: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiaodi Luo: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, China.
Weijing Feng: Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Caiwen Ou: Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Vascular calcification (VC) is prevalent in hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and aging and has been identified as an important predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. With the complicated mechanisms involved in VC, there is no effective therapy. Thus, a strategy for attenuating the development of VC is of clinical importance. Recent studies suggest that grape exosome-like nanoparticles (GENs) are involved in cell-cell communication as a means of regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which are known to modulate VC development. In this review, we discuss the roles of GENs and their potential mechanisms in the development of VC.
