Molecular Characterization and Antibiogram of Clinical Isolates Recovered from the Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.
Mohd Saleem, Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja, Ashfaque Hossain, Fahaad Alenazi, Kamaleldin B Said, Soha Abdallah Moursi, Homoud Abdulmohsin Almalaq, Hamza Mohamed, Ehab Rakha
Author Information
Mohd Saleem: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
Ashfaque Hossain: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates.
Fahaad Alenazi: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia.
Kamaleldin B Said: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
Soha Abdallah Moursi: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
Homoud Abdulmohsin Almalaq: Hail Health Cluster, King Khalid Hospital, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 55421, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
Hamza Mohamed: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
Ehab Rakha: Laboratory Department, King Khalid Hospital, Hail 55421, Saudi Arabia.
A 2-year prospective study carried out on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) patients in the intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), revealed a high prevalence of extremely drug-resistant (XDR) . About a 9% increase in the incidence rate of occurred in the VAP patients between 2019 and 2020 (21.4% to 30.7%). In 2019, the isolates were positive for IMP-1 and VIM-2 (31.1% and 25.7%, respectively) as detected by PCR. In comparison, a higher proportion of isolates produced NDM-1 in 2020. Here, we observed a high proportion of resistant ICU isolates towards the most common antibiotics in use. Colistin sensitivity dropped to 91.4% in the year 2020 as compared to 2019 (100%). Thus, the finding of this study has a highly significant clinical implementation in the clinical management strategies for VAP patients. Furthermore, strict implementation of antibiotic stewardship policies, regular surveillance programs for antimicrobial resistance monitoring, and screening for genes encoding drug resistance phenotypes have become imperative.
