Improving well-being is a critical problem for worldwide social progress. Research on well-being effects of clean household energy consumption is of great significance for the realization of United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Due to the multifaceted role of clean household energy in enhancing well-being as a sustainable development goal, it has attracted extensive academic attention and research but still needs to be further refined through new perspectives. This paper uses data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to conduct an empirical analysis of clean household energy consumption and residents' well-being using an ordered probit model, the instrumental variables method, a conditional mixed process (CMP) method, and a mechanism analysis model. The results show that (1) household clean energy consumption contributes to residents' well-being, and the results remained significant after selecting "Do you have an electric Bicycle?" as an instrumental variable to address the endogeneity question. (2) According to heterogeneity research, women's wellbeing is impacted by clean energy consumption in the household more than men's. Only in rural locations can clean household energy consumption significantly boost well-being; urban and suburban areas are unaffected. (3) In the mechanism analysis, health condition and depression played a mediating role on the impact of clean household energy consumption on well-being, and social contact played a moderating role on the impact of clean household energy consumption on well-being. The findings and policy recommendations in this paper are suggestive of how we can improve the well-being of residents in low- and middle-income countries and provide reference values for research in related fields around the world.
