Lung cancer risk in relation to jobs held in a nationwide case-control study in Iran.
Bayan Hosseini, Ann Olsson, Liacine Bouaoun, Amy Hall, Maryam Hadji, Hamideh Rashidian, Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami, Maryam Marzban, Farid Najafi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Paolo Boffetta, Farin Kamangar, Eero Pukkala, Arash Etemadi, Elisabete Weiderpass, Joachim Schüz, Kazem Zendehdel
Author Information
Bayan Hosseini: Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France. ORCID
Ann Olsson: Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France. ORCID
Liacine Bouaoun: Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
Amy Hall: Research Directorate, Veterans Affairs Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.
Maryam Hadji: Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, The Islamic Republic of Iran.
Hamideh Rashidian: Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, The Islamic Republic of Iran.
Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, The Islamic Republic of Iran.
Maryam Marzban: Clinical Research Development Center, The Persian Gulf Martyrs, Boushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, The Islamic Republic of Iran.
Farid Najafi: Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, The Islamic Republic of Iran.
Ali Akbar Haghdoost: Kerman University of Medical Sciences Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kerman, The Islamic Republic of Iran.
Paolo Boffetta: Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. ORCID
Farin Kamangar: Department of Biology, Morgan State University School of Computer Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Eero Pukkala: Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Arash Etemadi: National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Elisabete Weiderpass: Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France. ORCID
Joachim Schüz: Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France schuzj@iarc.fr.
Kazem Zendehdel: Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, The Islamic Republic of Iran.
BACKGROUND: Globally, lung cancer is the most frequent occupational cancer, but the risk associated with the occupations or occupational environment in Iran is not clear. We aimed to assess occupations with the risk of lung cancer. METHODS: We used the IROPICAN nationwide case-control study data including 658 incident lung cancer cases and 3477 controls. We assessed the risk of lung cancer in relation to ever working in major groups of International Standard Classification of Occupations, high-risk occupations for lung cancer and duration of employment and lung cancer subtype among construction workers and farmers while controlling for cigarette smoking and opium consumption. We used unconditional regression logistic models to estimate ORs for the association between increased lung cancer risk and occupations. RESULTS: We observed elevated ORs for lung cancer in male construction workers (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.8), petroleum industry workers (OR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.1 to 9.8), female farmers (OR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.3 to 5.3) and female bakers (OR=5.5; 95% CI: 1.0 to 29.8). A positive trend by the duration of employment was observed for male construction workers (p< 0.001). Increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma was observed in male construction workers (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.2 to 3.0) and female farmers (OR=4.3; 95% CI: 1.1 to 17.2), who also experienced an increased risk of adenocarcinoma (OR=3.8; 95% CI: 1.4 to 9.9). DISCUSSION: Although we observed associations between some occupations and lung cancer consistent with the literature, further studies with larger samples focusing on exposures are needed to better understand the occupational lung cancer burden in Iran.
