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Respiratory research
Jan 11, 2023;24 (1): 10.

Comparison of clinician diagnosis of COVID-19 with real time polymerase chain reaction in an adult-representative population in Sweden.

Eman Quraishi, Chiamaka Jibuaku, Daniil Lisik, Göran Wennergren, Jan Lötvall, Fredrik Nyberg, Linda Ekerljung, Madeleine Rådinger, Hannu Kankaanranta, Bright I Nwaru
Author Information
  1. Eman Quraishi: Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  2. Chiamaka Jibuaku: Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  3. Daniil Lisik: Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  4. Göran Wennergren: Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  5. Jan Lötvall: Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  6. Fredrik Nyberg: School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  7. Linda Ekerljung: Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  8. Madeleine Rådinger: Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  9. Hannu Kankaanranta: Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  10. Bright I Nwaru: Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. bright.nwaru@gu.se.
PMID: 36631852 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02315-7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Due to the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, accurate diagnosis is essential for effective infection control, but the gold standard, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), is costly, slow, and test capacity has at times been insufficient. We compared the accuracy of clinician diagnosis of COVID-19 against RT-PCR in a general adult population.
METHODS: COVID-19 diagnosis data by 30th September 2021 for participants in an ongoing population-based cohort study of adults in Western Sweden were retrieved from registers, based on positive RT-PCR and clinician diagnosis using recommended ICD-10 codes. We calculated accuracy measures of clinician diagnosis using RT-PCR as reference for all subjects and stratified by age, gender, BMI, and comorbidity collected pre-COVID-19.
RESULTS: Of 42,621 subjects, 3,936 (9.2%) and 5705 (13.4%) had had COVID-19 identified by RT-PCR and clinician diagnosis, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of clinician diagnosis against RT-PCR were 78% (95%CI 77-80%) and 93% (95%CI 93-93%), respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 54% (95%CI 53-55%), while negative predictive value (NPV) was 98% (95%CI 98-98%) and Youden's index 71% (95%CI 70-72%). These estimates were similar between men and women, across age groups, BMI categories, and between patients with and without asthma. However, while specificity, NPV, and Youden's index were similar between patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sensitivity was slightly higher in patients with (84% [95%CI 74-90%]) than those without (78% [95%CI 77-79%]) COPD.
CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of clinician diagnosis for COVID-19 is adequate, regardless of gender, age, BMI, and asthma, and thus can be used for screening purposes to supplement RT-PCR.

Keywords

Asthma COPD COVID-19 Clinical diagnosis ICD-10 Negative predictive value Positive predictive value RT-PCR Sensitivity Specificity Validation Youden index

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MeSH Term

Male
Adult
Humans
Female
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 Testing
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Cohort Studies
Sweden
Sensitivity and Specificity
Asthma
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Journal Article
Article has an altmetric score of 1

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0diagnosisRT-PCRclinicianCOVID-1995%CIpredictivevalueaccuracyageBMIindexpatientswithoutCOPDchainreactionpopulationSwedenusingICD-10subjectsgenderrespectivelySensitivityspecificity78%PositiveNPVYouden'ssimilarasthma[95%CIBACKGROUND:DuehightransmissibilitySARS-CoV-2accurateessentialeffectiveinfectioncontrolgoldstandardreal-timereversetranscriptase-polymerasecostlyslowtestcapacitytimesinsufficientcomparedgeneraladultMETHODS:data30thSeptember2021participantsongoingpopulation-basedcohortstudyadultsWesternretrievedregistersbasedpositiverecommendedcodescalculatedmeasuresreferencestratifiedcomorbiditycollectedpre-COVID-19RESULTS:42621393692%5705134%identified77-80%93%93-93%PPV54%53-55%negative98%98-98%71%70-72%estimatesmenwomenacrossgroupscategoriesHoweverchronicobstructivepulmonarydiseasesensitivityslightlyhigher84%74-90%]77-79%]CONCLUSIONS:of clinician diagnosis foradequateregardlessthus canused forscreeningpurposessupplement RT-PCRComparisonrealtimepolymeraseadult-representativeAsthmaClinicalNegativeSpecificityValidationYouden

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