Padinhare Cholakkal Harikesh, Chi-Yuan Yang, Han-Yan Wu, Silan Zhang, Mary J Donahue, April S Caravaca, Jun-Da Huang, Peder S Olofsson, Magnus Berggren, Deyu Tu, Simone Fabiano
Author Information
Padinhare Cholakkal Harikesh: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden. ORCID
Chi-Yuan Yang: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden. ORCID
Han-Yan Wu: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
Silan Zhang: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
Mary J Donahue: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden. ORCID
April S Caravaca: Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jun-Da Huang: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
Peder S Olofsson: Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ORCID
Magnus Berggren: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden. ORCID
Deyu Tu: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden. ORCID
Simone Fabiano: Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden. simone.fabiano@liu.se. ORCID
Biointegrated neuromorphic hardware holds promise for new protocols to record/regulate signalling in biological systems. Making such artificial neural circuits successful requires minimal device/circuit complexity and ion-based operating mechanisms akin to those found in biology. Artificial spiking neurons, based on silicon-based complementary metal-oxide semiconductors or negative differential resistance device circuits, can emulate several neural features but are complicated to fabricate, not biocompatible and lack ion-/chemical-based modulation features. Here we report a biorealistic conductance-based organic electrochemical neuron (c-OECN) using a mixed ion-electron conducting ladder-type polymer with stable ion-tunable antiambipolarity. The latter is used to emulate the activation/inactivation of sodium channels and delayed activation of potassium channels of biological neurons. These c-OECNs can spike at bioplausible frequencies nearing 100 Hz, emulate most critical biological neural features, demonstrate stochastic spiking and enable neurotransmitter-/amino acid-/ion-based spiking modulation, which is then used to stimulate biological nerves in vivo. These combined features are impossible to achieve using previous technologies.
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