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PloS one
2023;18 (1): e0280466.

Individual and community-level factors associated with iron-rich food consumption among children aged 6-23 months in Rwanda: A multilevel analysis of Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey.

Habitu Birhan Eshetu, Mengistie Diress, Daniel Gashaneh Belay, Mohammed Abdu Seid, Dagmawi Chilot, Deresse Sinamaw, Wudneh Simegn, Abiyu Abadi Tareke, Abdulwase Mohammed Seid, Amare Agmas Andualem, Desalegn Anmut Bitew, Yibeltal Yismaw Gela, Anteneh Ayelign Kibret
Author Information
  1. Habitu Birhan Eshetu: Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. ORCID
  2. Mengistie Diress: Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
  3. Daniel Gashaneh Belay: Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
  4. Mohammed Abdu Seid: Unit of Human Physiology, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
  5. Dagmawi Chilot: Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
  6. Deresse Sinamaw: Unit of Human Physiology, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
  7. Wudneh Simegn: Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
  8. Abiyu Abadi Tareke: Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia, SLL Project, COVID-19 Vaccine /EPI Technical Assistant at West Gondar, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  9. Abdulwase Mohammed Seid: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
  10. Amare Agmas Andualem: Department of Anesthesia, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
  11. Desalegn Anmut Bitew: Department of Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
  12. Yibeltal Yismaw Gela: Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
  13. Anteneh Ayelign Kibret: Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
PMID: 36656868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280466

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Iron-rich food consumption has an invaluable effect for neonatal and fetal brain development as well as metabolic activities. Despite the public health importance of the consumption of Iron-rich foods, there was no study, that assessed Iron-rich food consumption in Rwanda. Therefore this study aimed to assess Iron-rich food consumption and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months using Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS).
METHODS: Secondary data analysis was done using RDHS-2019/20. Total weighted samples of 2455 children aged 6-23 months were included. Data coding, cleaning, and analysis were performed using Stata 16. Multilevel binary logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with Iron-rich food consumption. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% CI, and p-value <0.05 were used to declare statistical significance.
RESULTS: The prevalence of good Iron-rich food consumption was 23.56%(95% CI: 21.92,25.28). Northern province of Rwanda (AOR  =  0.26,95%CI: 0.15,0.46), mothers secondary education and above (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.41, 4.01), married mothers (AOR:1.31, 95% CI: 1.01,1.71), rich wealth status (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.86), having post-natal visit (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10,1.91), mothers media exposure (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.52) and drugs given for intestinal parasite (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.80) were associated with Iron-rich food consumption.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that overall Iron-rich foods consumption was low in Rwanda. The residing in the North province, mother's secondary and higher educational status, married marital status, rich and middle wealth status, having media exposure, drugs given for intestinal parasites, and having child's post-natal checkup were variables significantly associated with Iron-rich food consumption. The region-based intervention will improve the consumption of Iron-rich food. In addition, health policies and programs should target educating mothers/caregivers, encouraging parents to live together, improving their wealth status, working on mass media access by the women, and encouraging mothers post-natal checkups to improve Iron-rich food consumption.

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MeSH Term

Infant, Newborn
Humans
Female
Child
Multilevel Analysis
Rwanda
Health Surveys
Marital Status
Iron
Ethiopia

Chemicals

Iron
Journal Article
Article has an altmetric score of 2

Word Cloud

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