Combining Influenza and COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Strategy to Improve Vaccination Uptake Necessary for Managing the Health Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nikolaos Tzenios, Mary E Tazanios, Mohamed Chahine
Author Information
  1. Nikolaos Tzenios: Public Health and Medical Research, Charisma University, Grace Bay TKCA 1ZZ, Turks and Caicos Islands. ORCID
  2. Mary E Tazanios: Clinical Research, TRG GEN+, Beirut 0000, Lebanon.
  3. Mohamed Chahine: Biological and Chemical Technology, International Medical Institute, Kursk State Medical University, 305030 Kursk, Russia.

Abstract

Background: The uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccines has been significantly low. Therefore, it is questionable whether combining the COVID-19 booster vaccines with influenza vaccines can increase the population’s interest in taking such vaccines and manage the health pandemic effectively. Methodology: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a synthesis of the findings and summary of a total of 30 research articles based on the topic, ‘combining influenza and COVID-19 booster vaccination strategy’ was undertaken. The research articles were identified from three databases, namely, PubMed, Cochran Library, and Google Scholar using specific keywords and inclusion criteria. However, research articles that were not peer-reviewed and not published in English were excluded from the systematic review and meta-analysis. The average risk ratio of the intervention group getting a combination of COVID-19 booster and influenza vaccines from the samples of the included studies was 0.78 with regard to a 95% CI. Such risk ratio is based on the null hypothesis of the current study that combining COVID-19 booster and influenza vaccines can increase the uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccines. On the other hand, the heterogeneity between such studies was I2 = 35%, while the statistical significance of their findings occurred at p < 0.05. The average p-value of the included research studies was p = 0.62 with the proportion of studies with significant p-values being 63.33% which is equivalent to 19 out of 30 studies. Therefore, the null hypothesis was not rejected in more than half of the studies. Results: A synthesis of the chosen research articles revealed that when influenza and COVID-19 booster vaccines are combined, there is potential for an increase in the uptake of the latter, mainly because many populations have already been accustomed to taking influenza vaccines on an annual basis. Conclusions: In this way, through such findings, medical health experts can make informed decisions to increase the population’s willingness to receive the COVID-19 booster vaccines.

Keywords

References

  1. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jul 1;385(1):e1 [PMID: 34038633]
  2. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Apr 13;10(4): [PMID: 35455354]
  3. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Jan 20;9(2): [PMID: 33498282]
  4. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Sep 27;10(10): [PMID: 36298486]
  5. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Nov 2;17(11):4611-4616 [PMID: 34542384]
  6. PLoS Med. 2022 Mar 3;19(3):e1003932 [PMID: 35239661]
  7. Vaccine. 2022 Jan 28;40(4):562-567 [PMID: 34903376]
  8. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jul 1;5(7):e2222246 [PMID: 35838673]
  9. Infect Dis Now. 2021 Aug;51(5):484-487 [PMID: 33964486]
  10. J Nucl Med. 2022 Mar;63(3):453-460 [PMID: 34301777]
  11. Lancet Respir Med. 2022 Feb;10(2):167-179 [PMID: 34800364]
  12. J Pers Med. 2022 Jan 20;12(2): [PMID: 35207628]
  13. Behav Med. 2022 Sep 8;:1-8 [PMID: 36073723]
  14. Health Psychol Behav Med. 2022 Aug 4;10(1):695-712 [PMID: 35957955]
  15. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2020 Dec;29(12):1529-1531 [PMID: 32978861]
  16. Vaccine. 2020 Sep 3;38(39):6078-6079 [PMID: 32773245]
  17. JAMA. 2021 Dec 14;326(22):2247-2249 [PMID: 34817538]
  18. JAMA. 2020 Sep 8;324(10):926-927 [PMID: 32818238]
  19. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Feb;114:103854 [PMID: 33326864]
  20. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Mar 08;15(3): [PMID: 35337120]
  21. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Sep;22(9):1280-1281 [PMID: 35932777]
  22. Occup Med (Lond). 2020 Dec 30;70(9):665-671 [PMID: 33300998]
  23. Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Aug 27;8(3): [PMID: 32867224]
  24. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Nov 30;18(6):2131166 [PMID: 36256633]
  25. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Jun 19;10(6): [PMID: 35746583]
  26. Vaccine. 2022 Dec 23;: [PMID: 36585281]
  27. Acta Biomed. 2020 Sep 07;91(3):e2020031 [PMID: 32921733]
  28. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Nov 05;9(11): [PMID: 34835217]
  29. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Nov 30;18(5):2085461 [PMID: 35816683]

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0COVID-19vaccinesboosterinfluenzastudiesresearchincreasearticlesuptakecombiningcanfindingsvaccination0Thereforepopulation’stakinghealthsystematicreviewmeta-analysissynthesis30basedaverageriskratioincludednullhypothesis=pVaccinationBackground:significantlylowquestionablewhetherinterestmanagepandemiceffectivelyMethodology:summarytotaltopic‘combiningstrategy’undertakenidentifiedthreedatabasesnamelyPubMedCochranLibraryGoogleScholarusingspecifickeywordsinclusioncriteriaHoweverpeer-reviewedpublishedEnglishexcludedinterventiongroupgettingcombinationsamples78regard95%CIcurrentstudyhandheterogeneityI235%statisticalsignificanceoccurred<05p-value62proportionsignificantp-values6333%equivalent19rejectedhalfResults:chosenrevealedcombinedpotentiallattermainlymanypopulationsalreadyaccustomedannualbasisConclusions:waymedicalexpertsmakeinformeddecisionswillingnessreceiveCombiningInfluenzaBoosterStrategyImproveUptakeNecessaryManagingHealthPandemic:SystematicReviewMeta-Analysisvaccinestrategy

Similar Articles

Cited By