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Journal of clinical virology plus
Feb, 2023;3 (1): 100139.

Comparison of one single-antigen assay and three multi-antigen SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays in Nigeria.

Nnaemeka C Iriemenam, Fehintola A Ige, Stacie M Greby, Olumide O Okunoye, Mabel Uwandu, Maureen Aniedobe, Stephnie O Nwaiwu, Nwando Mba, Mary Okoli, Nwachukwu E William, Akipu Ehoche, Augustine Mpamugo, Andrew Mitchell, Kristen A Stafford, Andrew N Thomas, Temitope Olaleye, Oluwaseun O Akinmulero, Ndidi P Agala, Ado G Abubakar, Ajile Owens, Sarah E Gwyn, Eric Rogier, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Laura C Steinhardt, Diana L Martin, McPaul I Okoye, Rosemary Audu
Author Information
  1. Nnaemeka C Iriemenam: Division of Global HIV and TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria.
  2. Fehintola A Ige: Center for Human Virology and Genomics, Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
  3. Stacie M Greby: Division of Global HIV and TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria.
  4. Olumide O Okunoye: Division of Global HIV and TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria.
  5. Mabel Uwandu: Center for Human Virology and Genomics, Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
  6. Maureen Aniedobe: Center for Human Virology and Genomics, Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
  7. Stephnie O Nwaiwu: Center for Human Virology and Genomics, Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
  8. Nwando Mba: Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Gaduwa, FCT, Nigeria.
  9. Mary Okoli: Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Gaduwa, FCT, Nigeria.
  10. Nwachukwu E William: Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Gaduwa, FCT, Nigeria.
  11. Akipu Ehoche: University of Maryland Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity (CIHEB), Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation (MGIC), FCT, Nigeria.
  12. Augustine Mpamugo: University of Maryland Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity (CIHEB), Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation (MGIC), FCT, Nigeria.
  13. Andrew Mitchell: Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
  14. Kristen A Stafford: Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
  15. Andrew N Thomas: International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria.
  16. Temitope Olaleye: International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria.
  17. Oluwaseun O Akinmulero: International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria.
  18. Ndidi P Agala: International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria.
  19. Ado G Abubakar: International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria.
  20. Ajile Owens: Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  21. Sarah E Gwyn: Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  22. Eric Rogier: Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  23. Venkatachalam Udhayakumar: Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  24. Laura C Steinhardt: Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  25. Diana L Martin: Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  26. McPaul I Okoye: Division of Global HIV and TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria.
  27. Rosemary Audu: Center for Human Virology and Genomics, Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
PMID: 36683611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100139

Abstract

Objectives: Determining an accurate estimate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence has been challenging in African countries where malaria and other pathogens are endemic. We compared the performance of one single-antigen assay and three multi-antigen SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays in a Nigerian population endemic for malaria.
Methods: De-identified plasma specimens from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive, dried blood spot (DBS) SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive, and pre-pandemic negatives were used to evaluate the performance of the four SARS-CoV-2 assays (Tetracore, SARS2MBA, RightSign, xMAP).
Results: Results showed higher sensitivity with the multi-antigen (81% (Tetracore), 96% (SARS2MBA), 85% (xMAP)) versus the single-antigen (RightSign (64%)) SARS-CoV-2 assay. The overall specificities were 98% (Tetracore), 100% (SARS2MBA and RightSign), and 99% (xMAP). When stratified based on <15 days to ≥15 days post-RT-PCR confirmation, the sensitivities increased from 75% to 88.2% for Tetracore; from 93% to 100% for the SARS2MBA; from 58% to 73% for RightSign; and from 83% to 88% for xMAP. With DBS, there was no positive increase after 15-28 days for the three assays (Tetracore, SARS2MBA, and xMAP).
Conclusion: Multi-antigen assays performed well in Nigeria, even with samples with known malaria reactivity, and might provide more accurate measures of COVID-19 seroprevalence and vaccine efficacy.

Keywords

Immunoassay Nigeria Pre-pandemic specimens SARS-CoV-2 Sensitivity Specificity

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Journal Article
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Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0SARS-CoV-2assaysTetracoreSARS2MBAxMAPRightSignmalariasingle-antigenassaythreemulti-antigenpositivedaysNigeriaaccurateseroprevalenceendemicperformanceoneIgGspecimensRT-PCRDBS100%Objectives:DeterminingestimatechallengingAfricancountriespathogenscomparedNigerianpopulationMethods:De-identifiedplasmadriedbloodspotpre-pandemicnegativesusedevaluatefourResults:Resultsshowedhighersensitivity81%96%85%versus64%overallspecificities98%99%stratifiedbased<15≥15post-RT-PCRconfirmationsensitivitiesincreased75%882%93%58%73%83%88%increase15-28Conclusion:Multi-antigenperformedwellevensamplesknownreactivitymightprovidemeasuresCOVID-19vaccineefficacyComparisonImmunoassayPre-pandemicSensitivitySpecificity

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