Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strains linked to multiple outbreaks in Brazil.
Guojie Cao, Maria Balkey, Qing Jin, Eric Brown, Marc Allard, Adma Nadja Ferreira de Melo, Geany Targino de Souza Pedrosa, Tereza Cristina Rocha Moreira de Oliveira, Marciane Magnani, Dumitru Macarisin
Author Information
Guojie Cao: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States.
Maria Balkey: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States.
Qing Jin: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States.
Eric Brown: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States.
Marc Allard: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States.
Adma Nadja Ferreira de Melo: Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
Geany Targino de Souza Pedrosa: Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
Tereza Cristina Rocha Moreira de Oliveira: Department of Food Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Cidade Universitária, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil.
Marciane Magnani: Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
Dumitru Macarisin: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States.
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) has become the prevalent serovar isolated from gastroenteritis cases in Brazil since the 1990s. To better understand the genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship amongst SE epidemic isolates from Brazil, 30 SE isolates from a variety of implicated foods and case patients of outbreaks between 1999 and 2006 were selected for genome comparison analyses. SE genomes were also compared against publicly available Brazilian SE isolates from pre- and postepidemic period. MLST analysis revealed that all isolates belong to sequence type (ST) 11. A total of seven Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) (SPI-1, SPI-3-5, SPI-13, SPI14, and C63PI) were identified in the evaluated genomes and all studied SE genomes carried similar prophage profiling. Resistome analysis revealed the presence of resistance genes to aminoglycosides [aac(6')laa, aph(3")-lb, aph(6)-ld], as well as point mutations in gyrA. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that certain isolates have circulated in Brazil for years and been involved in distinct outbreaks.
