To investigate the clinical effectiveness of the single-incision retrograde surgery（SIRS） of the infection preauricular fistula. A retrospective analysis was performed from April 2016 to May 2021. In the observation group, there were 15 cases of infected preauricular fistula using single-incision retrograde surgical excision. Twenty-four infected preauricular fistulas by double-incision surgery（fistula and infection incisions） were selected as the control group. The recurrence rates, wound healing scores, and scar assessment were compared between the two groups. There were no significant differences in recurrence rate and incision healing between groups（>0.05）, and the preserved fistula in SIRS group were good without infection recurrence. Moreover, The scar score and the surgical wound in SIRS group were better than that in the control group（<0.05）. The single-incision retrograde surgery is an effective method of treating infected preauricular fistulas with fewer wounds and fewer scars.
