Characteristics, Outcomes, and Factors Affecting Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with CAP Due to Different Variants of SARS-CoV-2 and Non-COVID-19 CAP.
Nonthanat Tongsengkee: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Smonrapat Surasombatpattana: Department of Pathology, Division of Virology and Serology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Wiwatana Tanomkiat: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Pisud Siripaitoon: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Narongdet Kositpantawong: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. ORCID
Siripen Kanchanasuwan: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. ORCID
Asma Navasakulpong: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Nawamin Pinpathomrat: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. ORCID
Arunee Dechaphunkul: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Atthaphong Phongphithakchai: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Thanaporn Hortiwakul: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Boonsri Charoenmak: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Sarunyou Chusri: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. ORCID
The study was conducted from October 2020 to March 2022 in a province in southern Thailand. The inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and more than 18 years old were enrolled. Of the 1511 inpatients with CAP, COVID-19 was the leading cause, accounting for 27%. Among the patients with COVID-19CAP, mortalities, mechanical ventilators, ICU admissions, ICU stay, and hospital costs were significantly higher than of those with Non-COVID-19CAP. Household and workplace contact with COVID-19, co-morbidities, lymphocytopenia and peripheral infiltration in chest imaging were associated with CAP due to COVID-19. The delta variant yielded the most unfavorable clinical and non-clinical outcomes. While COVID-19CAP due to B.1.113, Alpha and Omicron variants had relatively similar outcomes. Among those with CAP, COVID-19infection as well as obesity, a higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and APACHE II score were associated with in-hospital mortality. Among those with COVID-19CAP, obesity, infection due to the Delta variant, a higher CCI and higher APACHE II score were associated with in-hospital mortality. COVID-19 had a great impact on the epidemiology and outcomes of CAP.
