Simulators and Simulations for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: An ECMO Scoping Review.
Wytze C Duinmeijer, Libera Fresiello, Justyna Swol, Pau Torrella, Jordi Riera, Valentina Obreja, Mateusz Puślecki, Marek Dąbrowski, Jutta Arens, Frank R Halfwerk
Author Information
Wytze C Duinmeijer: Engineering Organ Support Technologies, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7522 LW Enschede, The Netherlands. ORCID
Libera Fresiello: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Group, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands. ORCID
Justyna Swol: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany. ORCID
Pau Torrella: Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain. ORCID
Jordi Riera: Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain. ORCID
Valentina Obreja: Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ORCID
Mateusz Puślecki: Department of Medical Rescue, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Marek Dąbrowski: Polish Society of Medical Simulation, 62-400 Slupca, Poland.
Jutta Arens: Engineering Organ Support Technologies, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7522 LW Enschede, The Netherlands. ORCID
Frank R Halfwerk: Engineering Organ Support Technologies, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7522 LW Enschede, The Netherlands. ORCID
High-volume extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers generally have better outcomes than (new) low-volume ECMO centers, most likely achieved by a suitable exposure to ECMO cases. To achieve a higher level of training, simulation-based training (SBT) offers an additional option for education and extended clinical skills. SBT could also help to improve the interdisciplinary team interactions. However, the level of ECMO simulators and/or simulations (ECMO sims) techniques may vary in purpose. We present a structured and objective classification of ECMO sims based on the broad experience of users and the developer for the available ECMO sims as low-, mid-, or high-fidelity. This classification is based on overall ECMO sim fidelity, established by taking the median of the definition-based fidelity, component fidelity, and customization fidelity as determined by expert opinion. According to this new classification, only low- and mid-fidelity ECMO sims are currently available. This comparison method may be used in the future for the description of new developments in ECMO sims, making it possible for ECMO sim designers, users, and researchers to compare accordingly, and ultimately improve ECMO patient outcomes.
