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BMC genomics
Mar 16, 2023;24 (1): 123.

A genetic linkage map and improved genome assembly of the termite symbiont Termitomyces cryptogamus.

Sabine M E Vreeburg, Ben Auxier, Bas Jacobs, Peter M Bourke, Joost van den Heuvel, Bas J Zwaan, Duur K Aanen
Author Information
  1. Sabine M E Vreeburg: Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
  2. Ben Auxier: Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands. ben.auxier@wur.nl.
  3. Bas Jacobs: Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
  4. Peter M Bourke: Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
  5. Joost van den Heuvel: Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
  6. Bas J Zwaan: Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
  7. Duur K Aanen: Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
PMID: 36927388 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09210-x

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The termite-fungus symbiosis is an ancient stable mutualism of two partners that reproduce and disperse independently. With the founding of each termite colony the symbiotic association must be re-established with a new fungus partner. Complementarity in the ability to break down plant substrate may help to stabilize this symbiosis despite horizontal symbiont transmission. An alternative, non-exclusive, hypothesis is that a reduced rate of evolution may contribute to stabilize the symbiosis, the so-called Red King Effect.
METHODS: To explore this concept, we produced the first linkage map of a species of Termitomyces, using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of 88 homokaryotic offspring. We constructed a highly contiguous genome assembly using PacBio data and a de-novo evidence-based annotation. This improved genome assembly and linkage map allowed for examination of the recombination landscape and its potential effect on the mutualistic lifestyle.
RESULTS: Our linkage map resulted in a genome-wide recombination rate of 22 cM/Mb, lower than that of other related fungi. However, the total map length of 1370 cM was similar to that of other related fungi.
CONCLUSIONS: The apparently decreased rate of recombination is primarily due to genome expansion of islands of gene-poor repetitive sequences. This study highlights the importance of inclusion of genomic context in cross-species comparisons of recombination rate.

Keywords

Basidiomycete GBS Mutualistic symbiosis Recombination

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Grants

  1. 824.01.002/Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  2. ALWGR.2017.010/Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  3. VICI 86514007/Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  4. BO-26.03-009-004/Topconsortium voor Kennis en Innovatie

MeSH Term

Animals
Isoptera
Termitomyces
Fungi
Genomics
Symbiosis
Genetic Linkage
Journal Article
Article has an altmetric score of 1

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0mapratelinkagegenomerecombinationsymbiosisassemblytermitemaystabilizesymbiontTermitomycesusingGBSimprovedrelatedfungiBACKGROUND:termite-fungus symbiosisancientstablemutualismtwopartnersreproducedisperseindependentlyfoundingcolonysymbioticassociationmustre-establishednewfunguspartnerComplementarityabilitybreakplantsubstratehelpdespitehorizontaltransmissionalternativenon-exclusivehypothesisreducedevolutioncontributeso-calledRedKingEffectMETHODS:exploreconceptproducedfirstspeciesgenotypingsequencing88homokaryoticoffspringconstructedhighlycontiguousPacBiodatade-novoevidence-basedannotationallowedexaminationlandscapepotentialeffectmutualisticlifestyleRESULTS:resultedgenome-wide22 cM/MblowerHowevertotallength1370 cMsimilarCONCLUSIONS:apparentlydecreasedprimarilydueexpansionislandsgene-poorrepetitivesequencesstudyhighlightsimportanceinclusiongenomiccontextcross-speciescomparisonsgeneticcryptogamusBasidiomyceteMutualisticRecombination

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