An updated overview of anticancer effects of alternariol and its derivatives: underlying molecular mechanisms.
Muhammad Torequl Islam, Miquel Martorell, Carlos González-Contreras, Marcelo Villagran, Lorena Mardones, Bekzat Tynybekov, Anca Oana Docea, Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, Babagana Modu, Daniela Calina, Javad Sharifi-Rad
Author Information
Muhammad Torequl Islam: Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh.
Miquel Martorell: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Carlos González-Contreras: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Marcelo Villagran: Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Lorena Mardones: Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Bekzat Tynybekov: Department of Biodiversity of Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Anca Oana Docea: Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Babagana Modu: Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Daniela Calina: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
Javad Sharifi-Rad: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador.
alternariol is a toxic metabolite of Alternaria fungi and studies have shown multiple potential pharmacological effects. To outline the anticancer effects and mechanisms of alternariol and its derivatives based on database reports, an updated search of PubMed/MedLine, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed with relevant keywords for published articles. The studies found to suggest that this mycotoxin and/or its derivatives have potential anticancer effects in many pharmacological preclinical test systems. Scientific reports indicate that alternariol and/or its derivatives exhibit anticancer through several pathways, including cytotoxic, reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction-linked cytotoxic effect, anti-inflammatory, cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death, genotoxic and mutagenic, anti-proliferative, autophagy, and estrogenic and clastogenic mechanisms. In light of these results, alternariol may be one of the hopeful chemotherapeutic agents.
