Biosynthesis and Characterization of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles from Fruit Extracts; Their Biocompatibility and Bioactivities.
Mubsher Mazher, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Bilqeesa Hamid, Shiekh Marifatul Haq, Atiya Mazhar, Faiza Bashir, Mussaddaq Mazhar, Eman A Mahmoud, Ryan Casini, Abed Alataway, Ahmed Z Dewidar, Hosam O Elansary
Author Information
Mubsher Mazher: Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10040, Pakistan. ORCID
Muhammad Ishtiaq: Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10040, Pakistan.
Bilqeesa Hamid: Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Srinagar 190006, India.
Shiekh Marifatul Haq: Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia.
Atiya Mazhar: Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College for Women, Bhimber 10038, Pakistan.
Faiza Bashir: Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10040, Pakistan.
Mussaddaq Mazhar: Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10040, Pakistan.
Eman A Mahmoud: Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt. ORCID
Ryan Casini: School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
Abed Alataway: Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Z Dewidar: Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Hosam O Elansary: Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
Modern nanotechnology encompasses every field of life. Nowadays, phytochemically fabricated nanoparticles are being widely studied for their bioactivities and biosafety. The present research studied the synthesis, characterization, stability, biocompatibility, and in vitro bioactivities of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs). The CaONPs were synthesized using ethanolic fruit extracts. Greenly synthesized nanoparticles had an average size of 35.93 ± 2.54 nm and showed an absorbance peak at 325 nm. An absorbance peak in this range depicts the coating of phenolic acids, flavones, flavonols, and flavonoids on the surface of CaONPs. The XRD pattern showed sharp peaks that illustrated the preferred cubic crystalline nature of triturate. A great hindrance to the use of nanoparticles in the field of medicine is their extremely reactive nature. The FTIR analysis of the CaONPs showed a coating of phytochemicals on their surface, due to which they showed great stability. The vibrations present at 3639 cm for alcohols or phenols, 2860 cm for alkanes, 2487 cm for alkynes, 1625 cm for amines, and 1434 cm for carboxylic acids and aldehydes show adsorption of phytochemicals on the surface of CaONPs. The CaONPs were highly stable over time; however, their stability was slightly disturbed by varying salinity and pH. The dialysis membrane in vitro release analysis revealed consistent nanoparticle release over a 10-h period. The bioactivities of CaONPs, fruit extracts, and their synergistic solution were assessed. Synergistic solutions of both CaONPs and fruit extracts showed great bioactivity and biosafety. The synergistic solution reduced cell viability by only 14.68% and caused only 16% hemolysis. The synergistic solution inhibited slightly more effectively than streptomycin, with an activity index of 1.02. It also caused an 83.87% reduction in free radicals.
