Jie Yuan, Sohail S Hassan, Jiaojiao Wu, Casey R Koger, René R Sevag Packard, Feng Shi, Baowei Fei, Yichen Ding
Author Information
Jie Yuan: Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States. ORCID
Sohail S Hassan: Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States. ORCID
Jiaojiao Wu: Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. ORCID
Casey R Koger: Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States. ORCID
René R Sevag Packard: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States. ORCID
Feng Shi: Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. ORCID
Baowei Fei: Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States. ORCID
Yichen Ding: Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States. ORCID
Extended reality (XR) refers to an umbrella of methods that allows users to be immersed in a three-dimensional (3D) or a 4D (spatial + temporal) virtual environment to different extents, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). While VR allows a user to be fully immersed in a virtual environment, AR and MR overlay virtual objects over the real physical world. The immersion and interaction of XR provide unparalleled opportunities to extend our world beyond conventional lifestyles. While XR has extensive applications in fields such as entertainment and education, its numerous applications in biomedicine create transformative opportunities in both fundamental research and healthcare. This Primer outlines XR technology from instrumentation to software computation methods, delineating the biomedical applications that have been advanced by state-of-the-art techniques. We further describe the technical advances overcoming current limitations in XR and its applications, providing an entry point for professionals and trainees to thrive in this emerging field.
References
Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2000 Mar;82(2):88-94
[PMID: 10743423]
