Cervical endometriosis is an uncommon form of endometriosis that is frequently diagnosed incidentally during histopathological evaluation of a hysterectomy or cervical biopsy specimens. Although some cases may be asymptomatic, the symptoms in some patients range from life-threatening hemorrhage to severe chronic pelvic pain. In asymptomatic patients, no further intervention might be required apart from observation and follow-up; however, patients with significant symptoms will require surgery. Primary cervical endometriosis is defined as presence of endometrial tissue on the anterior lip of the cervix, limited to the cervix surface and not extending below the squamous epithelium. Secondary cervical endometriosis is more common than the primary type and describes the disease extensions from the pelvis, or usually the rectovaginal septum. Superficial endometriosis is usually diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration, colposcopy, and cervical biopsy after a routine cervical smear, as endometrial cells detected during a PAP smear may be mistakenly removed as atypical glandular cells. Deep endometriosis may cause pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, and spotting. In this case report, we present a rare case of cervical endometriosis, characterized by pelvic pain and menstrual irregularity, with endometrioma and adenomyosis, confirmed by histopathological evaluation of the specimen. A summary of the cervical endometriosis cases overview has been made to describe the changing clinical landscape of this rare condition.
