The toxicity of Mg(OH) nanoparticles (NPs) as antibacterial agents to a normal biological system is unclear, so it is necessary to evaluate their potential toxic effect for safe use. In this work, the administration of these antibacterial agents did not induce pulmonary interstitial fibrosis as no significant effect on the proliferation of HELF cells was observed in vitro. Additionally, Mg(OH) NPs caused no inhibition of the proliferation of PC-12 cells, indicating that the brain's nervous system was not affected by Mg(OH) NPs. The acute oral toxicity test showed that the Mg(OH) NPs at 10,000 mg/kg induced no mortality during the administration period, and there was little toxicity in vital organs according to a histological analysis. In addition, the in vivo acute eye irritation test results showed little acute irritation of the eye caused by Mg(OH) NPs. Thus, Mg(OH) NPs exhibited great biosafety to a normal biological system, which was critical for human health and environmental protection.
