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May 11, 2023;14 (1): 78.

Ultrasound imaging of the axilla.

Giulio Cocco, Vincenzo Ricci, Costantino Ricci, Ondřej Naňka, Orlando Catalano, Antonio Corvino, Andrea Boccatonda, Francesco Lorenzo Serafini, Jacopo Izzi, Gianfranco Vallone, Vito Cantisani, Giovanni Iannetti, Massimo Caulo, Claudio Ucciferri, Jacopo Vecchiet, Andrea Delli Pizzi
Author Information
  1. Giulio Cocco: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
  2. Vincenzo Ricci: Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.
  3. Costantino Ricci: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
  4. Ondřej Naňka: First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
  5. Orlando Catalano: Department of Radiology, Istituto Diagnostico Varelli, Naples, Italy.
  6. Antonio Corvino: Movement Sciences and Wellbeing Department, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy. an.cor@hotmail.it. ORCID
  7. Andrea Boccatonda: Internal Medicine, Bentivoglio Hospital, AUSL Bologna, Bentivoglio, Italy.
  8. Francesco Lorenzo Serafini: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
  9. Jacopo Izzi: Unit of Radiology, Santissima Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy.
  10. Gianfranco Vallone: Department Life and Health V. Tiberio, Università Degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
  11. Vito Cantisani: Department of Radiology, Oncology, Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
  12. Giovanni Iannetti: Ospedale S. Spirito, Università Degli Studi Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
  13. Massimo Caulo: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
  14. Claudio Ucciferri: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
  15. Jacopo Vecchiet: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
  16. Andrea Delli Pizzi: Unit of Radiology, Santissima Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy.
PMID: 37166516 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-023-01430-9

Abstract

Axilla is a pyramidal-in-shape "virtual cavity" housing multiple anatomical structures and connecting the upper limb with the trunk. To the best of our knowledge, in the pertinent literature, a detailed sonographic protocol to comprehensively assess the axillary region in daily practice is lacking. In this sense, the authors have briefly described the anatomical architecture of the axilla-also using cadaveric specimens-to propose a layer-by-layer sonographic approach to this challenging district. The most common sonographic pathological findings-for each and every anatomical compartment of the axilla-have been accurately reported and compared with the corresponding histopathological features. This ultrasound approach could be considered a ready-to-use educational guidance for the assessment of the axillary region. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Axilla is a pyramidal-in-shape "virtual cavity" housing multiple anatomical structures and connecting the upper limb with the trunk. The aim of this review article was to describe the anatomical architecture of the axilla, also using cadaveric specimens, in order to propose a layer-by-layer sonographic approach to this challenging district.

Keywords

Axilla Histopathology Ultrasound

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Journal Article Review
Article has an altmetric score of 9

Word Cloud

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