Chaudhuri's Dashboard of Vitals in Parkinson's syndrome: an unmet need underpinned by real life clinical tests.

Mubasher A Qamar, Silvia Rota, Lucia Batzu, Indu Subramanian, Cristian Falup-Pecurariu, Nataliya Titova, Vinod Metta, Lulia Murasan, Per Odin, Chandrasekhara Padmakumar, Prashanth L Kukkle, Rupam Borgohain, Rukmini Mridula Kandadai, Vinay Goyal, Kallo Ray Chaudhuri
Author Information
  1. Mubasher A Qamar: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
  2. Silvia Rota: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
  3. Lucia Batzu: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
  4. Indu Subramanian: Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
  5. Cristian Falup-Pecurariu: Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Braşov, Brașov, Romania.
  6. Nataliya Titova: Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
  7. Vinod Metta: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
  8. Lulia Murasan: Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Braşov, Brașov, Romania.
  9. Per Odin: Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
  10. Chandrasekhara Padmakumar: Older Person's Medical Clinic, Broadmeadow, NSW, Australia.
  11. Prashanth L Kukkle: Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Manipal Hospital, Karnataka, India, Bangalore.
  12. Rupam Borgohain: Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
  13. Rukmini Mridula Kandadai: Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Autonomous University, Hyderabad, India.
  14. Vinay Goyal: Neurology Department, Medanta, Gurugram, India.
  15. Kallo Ray Chaudhuri: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Abstract

We have recently published the notion of the "vitals" of Parkinson's, a conglomeration of signs and symptoms, largely nonmotor, that must not be missed and yet often not considered in neurological consultations, with considerable societal and personal detrimental consequences. This "dashboard," termed the Chaudhuri's vitals of Parkinson's, are summarized as 5 key vital symptoms or signs and comprise of (a) motor, (b) nonmotor, (c) visual, gut, and oral health, (d) bone health and falls, and finally (e) comorbidities, comedication, and dopamine agonist side effects, such as impulse control disorders. Additionally, not addressing the vitals also may reflect inadequate management strategies, leading to worsening quality of life and diminished wellness, a new concept for people with Parkinson's. In this paper, we discuss possible, simple to use, and clinically relevant tests that can be used to monitor the status of these vitals, so that these can be incorporated into clinical practice. We also use the term Parkinson's syndrome to describe Parkinson's disease, as the term "disease" is now abandoned in many countries, such as the U.K., reflecting the heterogeneity of Parkinson's, which is now considered by many as a syndrome.

Keywords

References

  1. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Apr 16;(2):CD006564 [PMID: 18425954]
  2. Mol Neurodegener. 2020 Jun 5;15(1):33 [PMID: 32503574]
  3. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016 Jan;22 Suppl 1:S41-6 [PMID: 26459660]
  4. Mov Disord. 2021 Jun;36(6):1420-1429 [PMID: 33682937]
  5. J Mov Disord. 2019 May;12(2):91-96 [PMID: 31158942]
  6. BMC Neurol. 2017 Jul 1;17(1):126 [PMID: 28666413]
  7. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2014 Sep 01;1(4):307-316 [PMID: 30363881]
  8. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Dec;59(12):2373-5 [PMID: 22188082]
  9. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2019 Apr;61:203-206 [PMID: 30348495]
  10. Mov Disord. 2021 Jun;36(6):1430-1434 [PMID: 33634916]
  11. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022 Sep 08;16:986230 [PMID: 36158619]
  12. Front Neurol. 2020 Dec 23;11:601225 [PMID: 33424750]
  13. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(4):1491-1505 [PMID: 34250955]
  14. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2016 Jan;123(1):57-64 [PMID: 26253901]
  15. PLoS One. 2016 Sep 06;11(9):e0162460 [PMID: 27598250]
  16. Parkinsons Dis. 2011;2011:908306 [PMID: 21687773]
  17. Sensors (Basel). 2021 Jun 18;21(12): [PMID: 34207198]
  18. Mov Disord. 2014 Jan;29(1):68-74 [PMID: 24458320]
  19. J Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Dec;46(12):1481-6 [PMID: 17101747]
  20. Eur J Neurol. 2012 Jun;19(6):864-9 [PMID: 22248366]
  21. Dysphagia. 2020 Dec;35(6):955-961 [PMID: 32130515]
  22. J Parkinsons Dis. 2019;9(2):351-359 [PMID: 30909247]
  23. Neurobiol Aging. 2015 Feb;36(2):1097-104 [PMID: 25467638]
  24. J Vis Exp. 2011 Jan 03;(47): [PMID: 21248693]
  25. Mov Disord. 2017 Aug;32(8):1147-1154 [PMID: 28605054]
  26. Gerodontology. 2016 Dec;33(4):434-438 [PMID: 25664991]
  27. Ann Neurol. 2020 Nov;88(5):893-906 [PMID: 32881029]
  28. Neurology. 2019 Sep 10;93(11):e1104-e1111 [PMID: 31420461]
  29. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012 Mar;18(3):263-7 [PMID: 22100523]
  30. Neurol Sci. 2022 Mar;43(3):1747-1754 [PMID: 34405296]
  31. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2005 Mar;19(1):58-61 [PMID: 15673844]
  32. Brain Behav. 2013 Nov;3(6):710-4 [PMID: 24363973]
  33. J Neurol. 2014 Jun;261(6):1153-9 [PMID: 24718980]
  34. Neurology. 2017 Mar 7;88(10):930-937 [PMID: 28179466]
  35. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009 Sep-Oct;49(2):317-321 [PMID: 19135266]
  36. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2020 Aug;7(8):1272-1283 [PMID: 32602253]
  37. Age Ageing. 2015 Jan;44(1):34-41 [PMID: 25236847]
  38. J Epidemiol. 2004 Sep;14(5):143-50 [PMID: 15478669]
  39. Brain Behav. 2017 May 12;7(6):e00719 [PMID: 28638722]
  40. Mov Disord. 2002 Jan;17(1):186-7 [PMID: 11835460]
  41. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2022;162:171-184 [PMID: 35397785]
  42. Can J Neurol Sci. 2017 Sep;44(5):562-566 [PMID: 28862105]
  43. Neurology. 2018 May 8;90(19):e1654-e1662 [PMID: 29626177]
  44. Mov Disord. 2019 Sep;34(9):1354-1364 [PMID: 31361367]
  45. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Nov 15;166(10):1186-90 [PMID: 17709328]
  46. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002 Spring;14(2):223-36; discussion 222 [PMID: 11983801]
  47. Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 23;11(1):18976 [PMID: 34556776]
  48. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019 Aug 27;11:210 [PMID: 31507404]
  49. Age Ageing. 2009 Nov;38(6):675-80 [PMID: 19684354]
  50. J Neurol Sci. 2018 Apr 15;387:103-108 [PMID: 29571843]
  51. Parkinsons Dis. 2018 Jul 11;2018:3201308 [PMID: 30123489]
  52. J Neurol. 2022 Mar;269(3):1335-1352 [PMID: 34417870]
  53. Ann Neurol. 2010 Jul;68(1):28-36 [PMID: 20582991]
  54. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jun 23;16(12): [PMID: 31234571]
  55. J Mov Disord. 2019 Sep;12(3):152-160 [PMID: 31556260]
  56. Mov Disord. 2007 Feb 15;22(3):328-33 [PMID: 17216641]
  57. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2015 Sep;21(9):727-32 [PMID: 26205884]
  58. Comput Biol Med. 2021 May;132:104312 [PMID: 33892414]
  59. Neurology. 1999 Jun 10;52(9):1908-10 [PMID: 10371546]
  60. J Pers Med. 2020 Jul 25;10(3): [PMID: 32722393]
  61. Eur J Neurol. 2018 Apr;25(4):680-686 [PMID: 29341412]
  62. Sci Rep. 2017 May 10;7(1):1671 [PMID: 28490759]
  63. Front Neurol. 2022 Jul 26;13:945523 [PMID: 35959396]
  64. Neuroepidemiology. 2011;36(4):223-9 [PMID: 21677446]
  65. Mov Disord. 2010 May 15;25(7):932-6 [PMID: 20310031]
  66. Neurology. 2020 Apr 7;94(14):e1539-e1547 [PMID: 32161030]
  67. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(3):949-970 [PMID: 34120916]
  68. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2022 Jul;9(7):936-949 [PMID: 35762106]
  69. J Comp Neurol. 2017 Jun 15;525(9):2192-2201 [PMID: 28256710]
  70. Front Neurol. 2019 May 07;10:471 [PMID: 31133973]
  71. Parkinsons Dis. 2012;2012:362572 [PMID: 22292126]
  72. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017 Jul;18(7):435-450 [PMID: 28592904]
  73. J Adv Nurs. 2010 Jun;66(6):1382-7 [PMID: 20546368]
  74. Brain Behav Immun. 2021 Nov;98:59-73 [PMID: 34364965]
  75. Yale J Biol Med. 2016 Mar 24;89(1):37-47 [PMID: 27505015]
  76. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2017;134:877-890 [PMID: 28805587]
  77. Mov Disord. 2005 Feb;20(2):204-7 [PMID: 15389996]
  78. Front Neurol. 2020 Jan 21;10:1388 [PMID: 32038461]
  79. Eur Neurol. 2010;63(3):129-35 [PMID: 20090346]
  80. Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Jan 27;12(2): [PMID: 35200335]
  81. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2021 Mar 10;7(1):27 [PMID: 33692356]
  82. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2011 Sep;118(9):1329-33 [PMID: 21359971]
  83. Front Neurol. 2019 Feb 26;10:152 [PMID: 30863360]
  84. Arch Neurobiol (Madr). 1990 Jan-Feb;53(1):1-7 [PMID: 2393335]
  85. J Parkinsons Dis. 2014;4(2):197-204 [PMID: 24518436]
  86. BMC Geriatr. 2021 Oct 30;21(1):614 [PMID: 34717574]
  87. J Pers Med. 2022 Dec 02;12(12): [PMID: 36556215]
  88. Lancet Neurol. 2009 May;8(5):464-74 [PMID: 19375664]
  89. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb 28;19(5): [PMID: 35270499]
  90. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022 Nov 12;8(1):154 [PMID: 36371469]
  91. Funct Neurol. 2017 Jul/Sep;32(3):137-141 [PMID: 29042002]
  92. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022 Aug 2;8(1):95 [PMID: 35918350]
  93. Mov Disord. 2008 Nov 15;23(15):2129-70 [PMID: 19025984]
  94. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022 Sep 9;8(1):114 [PMID: 36085290]
  95. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2011 Sep;8(3):16-8 [PMID: 22461823]
  96. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022 Aug 29;8(1):109 [PMID: 36038597]
  97. Laryngoscope. 2004 Oct;114(10):1856-60 [PMID: 15454785]
  98. Mov Disord. 2020 Dec;35(12):2250-2260 [PMID: 32894625]
  99. J Parkinsons Dis. 2019;9(s2):S297-S312 [PMID: 31498131]
  100. Mov Disord. 2021 Aug;36(8):1927-1934 [PMID: 33826165]
  101. Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 24;9(1):13768 [PMID: 31551490]
  102. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2007 Mar;114(3):331-5 [PMID: 16715205]
  103. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2022 Jun;129(5-6):581-594 [PMID: 34910248]
  104. Parkinsons Dis. 2015;2015:570375 [PMID: 26504612]
  105. Cornea. 2019 Sep;38(9):1131-1136 [PMID: 30973404]
  106. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018 Apr 27;10:123 [PMID: 29755341]
  107. Doc Ophthalmol. 2015 Oct;131(2):95-104 [PMID: 25972299]
  108. BMC Neurol. 2022 Jan 27;22(1):39 [PMID: 35086487]
  109. Sleep Disord. 2014;2014:767181 [PMID: 25126427]
  110. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014 Nov;20(11):1109-18 [PMID: 25200111]
  111. Bone. 2012 Jun;50(6):1288-93 [PMID: 22426498]
  112. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006 Dec;59(12):1274-84 [PMID: 17098570]
  113. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015 Dec;21(12):1454-60 [PMID: 26578039]
  114. JAMA Neurol. 2023 Feb 1;80(2):161-171 [PMID: 36342675]
  115. J Parkinsons Dis. 2023;13(1):105-124 [PMID: 33843696]
  116. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 27;14(6):e0218252 [PMID: 31247001]
  117. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 15;11(3):e0151563 [PMID: 26977930]
  118. Parkinsons Dis. 2019 May 29;2019:3124295 [PMID: 31275543]
  119. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003 Apr;74(4):419-22 [PMID: 12640053]
  120. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Sep;85(9):1957-1963 [PMID: 31046175]
  121. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2020 Jan;44(1):34-41 [PMID: 31834219]
  122. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2007 Feb;3(2):112-22 [PMID: 21960820]
  123. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2022 Aug 02;18:1593-1601 [PMID: 35942277]
  124. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2017 Jul;40:1-10 [PMID: 28284903]
  125. Neurol Ther. 2021 Jun;10(1):391-400 [PMID: 33738711]
  126. Eur J Neurol. 2023 May;30(5):1465-1480 [PMID: 36757008]
  127. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 19;10(1):20147 [PMID: 33214572]
  128. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Jul;25(14):4810-4817 [PMID: 34337730]
  129. Int J Neurosci. 2010 Aug;120(8):538-43 [PMID: 20615057]
  130. Mov Disord. 2010 May 15;25(7):882-7 [PMID: 20198714]
  131. Mov Disord. 2020 Jan;35(1):109-115 [PMID: 31449705]
  132. Drug Saf. 2002;25(7):473-83 [PMID: 12093305]
  133. J Clin Densitom. 2021 Jul-Sep;24(3):351-361 [PMID: 32888777]
  134. Doc Ophthalmol. 2008 Mar;116(2):137-46 [PMID: 17962989]
  135. Brain. 2009 May;132(Pt 5):1128-45 [PMID: 19336464]
  136. Bone. 2023 Mar;168:116651 [PMID: 36574893]
  137. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2015 Aug;45(4):142-145 [PMID: 27800221]
  138. J Neurol. 2013 Mar;260(3):754-60 [PMID: 23052606]
  139. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019 Jul 16;11:167 [PMID: 31379555]
  140. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2017 Aug;124(8):907-914 [PMID: 28028643]
  141. Lancet Neurol. 2006 Mar;5(3):235-45 [PMID: 16488379]
  142. EJNMMI Phys. 2016 Dec;3(1):4 [PMID: 26879864]
  143. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(2):619-631 [PMID: 33646178]
  144. J Parkinsons Dis. 2018;8(s1):S3-S8 [PMID: 30584159]
  145. Neurotherapeutics. 2020 Oct;17(4):1366-1377 [PMID: 32749651]
  146. Sensors (Basel). 2020 Sep 10;20(18): [PMID: 32927816]
  147. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2020 Jan;29(1):115-121 [PMID: 31990459]
  148. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2015 Oct-Dec;8(4):224-31 [PMID: 26604529]
  149. Neuroepidemiology. 2018;50(1-2):7-17 [PMID: 29275411]
  150. Eur J Neurol. 2015 Jan;22(1):93-8 [PMID: 25104282]
  151. Ophthalmology. 2005 Oct;112(10):1795 [PMID: 16095705]
  152. J Neurol Sci. 2017 Feb 15;373:210-215 [PMID: 28131190]
  153. Mov Disord. 2022 Jun;37(6):1299-1304 [PMID: 35384057]
  154. PLoS One. 2021 May 4;16(5):e0251042 [PMID: 33945559]
  155. Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 14;13(1):3600 [PMID: 36918552]
  156. JAMA. 2002 Jan 23-30;287(4):455-63 [PMID: 11798367]
  157. Front Neurol. 2014 Jun 02;5:84 [PMID: 24917848]
  158. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 28;22(21): [PMID: 34769091]
  159. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(4):1507-1535 [PMID: 34250950]
  160. Brain Sci. 2019 Sep 18;9(9): [PMID: 31540441]
  161. Neurology. 2019 Mar 26;92(13):e1479-e1486 [PMID: 30814322]
  162. J Neuroinflammation. 2020 Nov 19;17(1):347 [PMID: 33213462]
  163. Neurohospitalist. 2019 Jul;9(3):144-150 [PMID: 31244971]
  164. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2022 Aug;101:90-95 [PMID: 35810523]
  165. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Oct 28;21(40):11221-35 [PMID: 26523098]
  166. Curr Opin Neurol. 2009 Aug;22(4):387-93 [PMID: 19494773]
  167. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2022 Oct;23(10):1719.e1-1719.e7 [PMID: 36007544]
  168. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2019 Oct 2;5:22 [PMID: 31602393]
  169. Can J Ophthalmol. 2014 Apr;49(2):152-6 [PMID: 24767220]
  170. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2022;51(5):386-395 [PMID: 36273437]
  171. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006 Jan;101(1):48-57 [PMID: 16360607]
  172. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jul 1;5(7):e2223821 [PMID: 35881392]
  173. West Afr J Med. 2011 Sep-Oct;30(5):319-24 [PMID: 22752818]
  174. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2003 Mar;5(2):149-160 [PMID: 12628063]
  175. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Jun;127(6):737-41 [PMID: 19506190]
  176. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2021 Sep 9;7(1):80 [PMID: 34504084]
  177. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009 Jun;15(5):339-46 [PMID: 19346153]
  178. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022 Apr 13;8(1):40 [PMID: 35418117]
  179. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018 Jan;89(1):78-88 [PMID: 28986467]
  180. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2540 [PMID: 23985836]
  181. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2001;36 Suppl:282-7 [PMID: 11340797]
  182. Life (Basel). 2022 Dec 19;12(12): [PMID: 36556506]
  183. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(3):1003-1010 [PMID: 32444561]
  184. J Breath Res. 2016 May 10;10(2):026010 [PMID: 27163246]
  185. Mov Disord. 2015 Feb;30(2):150-9 [PMID: 25607799]
  186. Mov Disord. 2008 Sep 15;23(12):1653-7 [PMID: 18618666]
  187. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2020 Mar;72:23-30 [PMID: 32092703]
  188. Mov Disord. 2021 Aug;36(8):1991-1992 [PMID: 34409685]
  189. Mov Disord. 2022 Feb;37(2):427-428 [PMID: 34643295]
  190. Mov Disord. 2018 May;33(5):771-782 [PMID: 29572948]
  191. Gerontology. 2022;68(10):1081-1090 [PMID: 35026767]
  192. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2022 Jul;26(7):2920-2928 [PMID: 35316198]
  193. Neurobiol Dis. 2020 Feb;134:104700 [PMID: 31809788]
  194. Clin Nucl Med. 2015 May;40(5):390-3 [PMID: 25783511]
  195. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 Jul 1;7(1):47 [PMID: 34210995]
  196. Mov Disord. 2022 Jul;37(7):1568-1569 [PMID: 35856732]
  197. Front Neurosci. 2021 Mar 01;15:637896 [PMID: 33732106]
  198. PLoS One. 2020 Mar 5;15(3):e0229860 [PMID: 32134983]
  199. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Dec 16;14:1061096 [PMID: 36589544]
  200. Neurology. 2020 Aug 18;95(7):e827-e838 [PMID: 32680941]
  201. Parkinsons Dis. 2020 Sep 23;2020:4693019 [PMID: 33029343]
  202. Ann Neurol. 2022 Dec;92(6):974-984 [PMID: 36054656]
  203. Front Neurol. 2020 May 27;11:454 [PMID: 32536905]
  204. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2021 Feb;40(2):549-561 [PMID: 33055025]
  205. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 5;5:CD013540 [PMID: 34097766]
  206. J Neurol Sci. 2018 Feb 15;385:134-139 [PMID: 29406893]
  207. Mov Disord. 2021 Jul;36(7):1592-1602 [PMID: 33751655]

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0Parkinson'svitalsnonmotorsignssymptomsconsideredChaudhuri'smotorgutoralhealthalsolifeusetestscanclinicaltermsyndromediseasenowmanyrecentlypublishednotion"vitals"conglomerationlargelymustmissedyetoftenneurologicalconsultationsconsiderablesocietalpersonaldetrimentalconsequences"dashboard"termedsummarized5keyvitalcomprisebcvisualdbonefallsfinallyecomorbiditiescomedicationdopamineagonistsideeffectsimpulsecontroldisordersAdditionallyaddressingmayreflectinadequatemanagementstrategiesleadingworseningqualitydiminishedwellnessnewconceptpeoplepaperdiscusspossiblesimpleclinicallyrelevantusedmonitorstatusincorporatedpracticedescribe"disease"abandonedcountriesUKreflectingheterogeneityDashboardVitalssyndrome:unmetneedunderpinnedrealParkinson’sdashboardvision

Similar Articles

Cited By