Merging virtual and physical experiences: extended realities in cardiovascular medicine.
Tsung-Ying Tsai, Yoshinobu Onuma, Adriana Złahoda-Huzior, Shigetaka Kageyama, Dariusz Dudek, Qingdi Wang, Ruth P Lim, Scot Garg, Eric K W Poon, John Puskas, Fabio Ramponi, Christian Jung, Faisal Sharif, Arif A Khokhar, Patrick W Serruys
Author Information
Tsung-Ying Tsai: Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4, Xitun District, Taichung 40705, Taiwan. ORCID
Yoshinobu Onuma: Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
Adriana Złahoda-Huzior: Department of Measurement and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Shigetaka Kageyama: Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland. ORCID
Dariusz Dudek: Interventional Cardiology Unit, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Via Corriera, 1, 48033 Cotignola RA, Italy.
Qingdi Wang: Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia.
Ruth P Lim: Department of Radiology and Surgery (Austin), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, 161 Barry St, Carlton VIC 3010, Australia.
Scot Garg: Department of Cardiology, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn BB1 2RB, UK. ORCID
Eric K W Poon: Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia.
John Puskas: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, 419 W 114th St, New York, NY 10025, United States.
Fabio Ramponi: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, 419 W 114th St, New York, NY 10025, United States.
Christian Jung: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Faisal Sharif: Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
Arif A Khokhar: Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London W12 0HS, UK.
Patrick W Serruys: Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland. ORCID
Technological advancement and the COVID-19 pandemic have brought virtual learning and working into our daily lives. Extended realities (XR), an umbrella term for all the immersive technologies that merge virtual and physical experiences, will undoubtedly be an indispensable part of future clinical practice. The intuitive and three-dimensional nature of XR has great potential to benefit healthcare providers and empower patients and physicians. In the past decade, the implementation of XR into cardiovascular medicine has flourished such that it is now integrated into medical training, patient education, pre-procedural planning, intra-procedural visualization, and post-procedural care. This review article discussed how XR could provide innovative care and complement traditional practice, as well as addressing its limitations and considering its future perspectives.
